38 



anything, it has taught me that in spite of my advice and example 

 you will probably go right on making the same mistakes I have 

 made. 



1 feel really ashamed to tell you of the good results I have 

 achieved when I have done so many things I should not have done 

 and left undone so many thing I should have done. . I fully expect 

 you will buy poor trees because they are cheap, as I did, and I have 

 not much cloubt but that most of you will select the poorest field 

 on the farm for an orchard as I did. 



Then in all probability the cows and sheep will be turned into 

 the young orchard as mine were, and ni)^ friends, of all the 57 

 different ways in which I have tried to kill apple trees the best is 

 an old brindle cow costing about $30.00 and I expect most of you 

 have that kind. Your country here in Adams county looks very 

 nuich like ours in the A^alley of Virginia and therefore I must 

 ]:)resume that your problems are very near the same as our own, 

 especially so as most of the A'alley of A'irginia was originally set- 

 tled by people from Pennsylvania, and you will be surprised to 

 Ivuow what a fine upstandi;:g fellow a Pennsylvania Dutchman 

 makes after he has lived in Virginia a hundred years or so. 



We Vv'ill suppose, if you please, that some of you are about 

 to start an orchard, and let me preface my remarks by saying that 

 I shall be glad to have you interrupt me by asking any question that 

 happens to come into your mind while I am speaking. Let us sup- 

 pose then that some of you are about to plant an orchard the first 

 consideration should, of course, he the location and on that point 

 I would recommend you very earnestly to secure the expert advice 

 of Prof. Gould of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, 

 who is here with you to-day. Prof. Gould has spent many years in 

 all parts of the country studying soil and climatic conditions with 

 special relation to their adaptability for fruit growing and can 

 therefore give you material assistance on the most important point 

 of location. 



In a general way select a site for the orchard where there is 

 good soil and air drainage, particularly the latter. 



If you plant fruit trees in a location where the night air lies 

 still and sleeps, look out for frequent frost injury and all sorts of 

 fungous diseases. I know, because that is one of the mistakes I 

 made. 



Plant on the best land you have that is suitable for the purpose 

 — not the land you can best spare for the purpose or the land that 

 is least useful for other purposes. If there is a real good apple 

 orchard on real poor land I don't know where to find it. 



After having selected your piece of ground, it becomes neces- 

 sary to select the trees. Aly very strong advice is not to plant any- 

 thing but good trees. The average farmer, who expects to be a 

 fruit grower, had better plant the larger trees just because they are 

 large. 



C. J. Tyson. Which would you plant yourself? 

 Mr. Lupton. I am planting two year old trees. If you are 

 going to specialize and make fruit growing your principal business, 



