41 



ought to be sprayed annually whether they have any fungus dis- 

 eases or not. We think we do not have any disease until all at 

 once we discover our trees are covered with it. Fungus diseases, 

 scale or cedar rust will come on young trees and retard their 

 growth just as much as on older tree in bearing. 



I would advise continual annual spraying after the first year, 

 and perhaps the very first year. 



W. S. Adams. How far apart do you plant them? 



Mr. Lupton. Thirty-six feet usually. The first orchard 1 

 planted myself, the permanent trees were 36 feet apart and then a 

 tree in the centre of each square, the middle or filler tree to be pulled 

 out later. This plan turned out to be my salvation. I selected 

 Winesap for a permanent orchard and Ben Davis as a filler, and 

 later I cut the Winesap out and kept the Ben Davis. I would ad- 

 vise using fillers only under certain conditions. 



This year I am planting some newer varieties, and planting 

 them alternately as described. Am also planting some Stayman 

 \\^inesap and some Jonathan. The Jonathan is a problem with us 

 and I am using both Stayman and Jonathan now and shall determine 

 in ten or twelve years from now which one to cut out. I have one 

 block of trees in which the York Imperial is started for the perma- 

 nent orchard and have 500 Duchess, 500 Grimes Golden, 500 Gano 

 and 500 W'ealthy planted in with the York Imperials, as fillers. I 

 may conclude to take out the York Imperials and leave some of the 

 Duchess. I am hoping, however, to get a few crops before I have 

 to take either of them out, and will decide then which to leave. 

 There are quite a few of our growers planting in that way and I 

 am inclined to think it is a pretty good plan. 



The trees, with us, come into bearing, so that it is worth while 

 to consider the crop, at 7 or 8 years, and, in the meantime, we must 

 spray annually for fungus diseases of various kinds. I have never 

 tried to make my own lime sulphur. I am aware that in buying the 

 concentrated Lime-Sulphur it costs me a little more, but until this 

 fall I have not lived on my farm, and have depended on a foreman, 

 and it seemed to me that he had his hands full and if I stopped him 

 to make the solution he would lose a great deal of time when he 

 ought to be spraying. A great many of our growers have made their 

 own solution but the result has not always been satisfactqry, and 

 my notion is that the making of these spraying solutions is a much 

 more delicate task than we think it is. Up to this time I have never 

 tried it. I have used the concentrated Lime-Sulphur and shall do 

 so again this year. 



I am using compressed air for a spraying power and while it 

 is perhaps the most expensive outfit I could select, I think it the 

 best and therefore cheapest in the long run. I have a water supply 

 that is very satisfactory. Both of our orchards were known in 

 our country as dry farms, that is with no running water available 

 for spraying. I bored one well 180 feet and one 135 feet and have 

 been able to use the compressed air for pumping the water as well 

 as for spraying the trees. The compressed air pumps the water at 

 the rate of 60 gallons a minute. I have the same kind of well on 



