59 



Mr. Cohill. A\'hat would you use for covering the wounds? 

 Mr. Gould. A good white lead paint. 



Mr. Eldon. Is not red lead better. It sticks much better 

 than white lead. 



Mr. Gould. I am not familiar with it. The important point 

 is to use something that will form a good covering. 



If we knew more about what is going on in the soil, we would 

 doubtless frequently be in a better position to decide how to treat 

 our trees. We can see the tops of our trees but their roots are hid- 



Fig. 9. The stub was left too 

 long and has died. The wound 

 can never heal. The stub will 

 soon begin to decay and the limb 

 become hollow thereb}-. 



den from us. Figures''' 5 and 6 are suggestive with regard to the 

 root system of apple trees. Figure 5 indicates the mass of roots 

 which comprise the root system of a 15-year-old apple tree, while 

 Figure 6 gives an idea of their ramifications, the extent in this 

 case being about 15 feet on one side of the tree and 18 feet on the 

 other. It should be stated that these trees grew in eastern Colo- 

 rado where the average annual rainfall is not over 16 or 17 inches. 

 The moisture conditions may have had a marked influence in the 

 formation of the root system. 



E. P. Garrettson. Would apple roots go as far as peach. 



Mr. Gould. Yes, farther. 



To make such a discussion as this complete of course it should 

 include some reference to spraying but you have wisely provided 

 for that as a subject by itself for discussion, hence it calls for no 

 comments here, only to say that the developments in spray mix- 

 tures during the past two or three years mark an advance in orchard 

 practice which perhaps means more to the fruit industry than any- 



'^The photographs from which these illustrations were made were taken 

 through the courtesy of the Colorado Experiment Station. — H. P. G. 



