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Question. AMiat kind of spray material do you use for scale? 



Mr. Cohill. AA'e use lime-sulphur, but there are other prepa- 

 rations that can be used just as success fuly. 



Prof. Surface. How do you dilute Lime-Sulphur for sum- 

 mer spraying? 



Mr. Cohill. For coddling moth 1^2 gallons of concentrated so- 

 lution I to 8 to 50 gallons of water used with Arsenate of Lead. 



Two pounds of Arsenate of Lead is universally recommended 

 applied along with gallons of concentrated Lime and Sulphur. 

 \Ve used this preparation as recommended by Prof. W. ]\L Scott, 

 Pathologist, Department of Agriculture, with exceedingly good re- 

 sults. 



We also made the second spraying for codling moth ten days 

 later. 



Cutivation. 



On account of the location of the Tonoloway orchards, on such 

 hilly and rolling land, the practice of cultivation will need to be 

 modified because they cannot be handled like an orchard on level 

 ground. In hilly or mountainous orchards clean cultivation can- 

 not be safely adopted, on account of the danger of serious washing 

 away of soil, unless furrows are plowed following the contour 

 of the land, to check this washing. 



W^e plow strips wide enough to cultivate with a harrow on 

 each side of the tree, along the rows, in the spring and cultivate until 

 July I5tli or ist of August. After thoroughly cultivating these 

 strips, every other middle may be plowed, leaving one solid and 

 one cultivated. The following year plow up the remaining middles 

 and leave the other down in clover crop ; these strips prevent wash- 

 ing. There isn't any land too steep to practice clean tillage by this 

 method. After harrowing down, the fertilizer can be applied and 

 a cover crop sown. 



Mr. Roberts. AMiat kind of harrow do you use? 



Ans. We use a spring-tooth harrow. 



Question. How do you harrow the lower side of the trees 

 on the hillside? 



Ans. That is a job. Go through on each side of your row 

 with the harrow then zigzag in and out. 



R. M. Eldon. Have you ever tried a spring-tooth harrow on 

 the hillside? 



Mr. Cohill. Yes. And I have seen it done. 



R. M. Eldon. It is less painful to have the hired man do it 

 than to do it yourself. 



Prof. Surface. How close do you harrow to the tree? 



Mr. Cohill. Right up to it. There is no uncultivated ground 

 under the trees. 



Question. Do you skin the trees? 



Mr. Cohill. Sometimes a careless workman may do a great 

 amount of injury. This should be closely watched. 



W. H. Black. Do you practice that with a large tree? 

 Mr. Cohill. Yes, where proper pruning has been done. 



