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apples may be obtained but the color is inferior. For these reasons, 

 then, would I select soils for the Stayman as previously described. 

 In the Porters soils the lio^htest areas that are also the most thor- 

 oughly drained are to be preferred. The highest elevations in the 

 Penn loam and Penn shale loam should also give very fair results. 

 ^^llere ]\Iont Alto soils are to be used the lightest of this series 

 available, or the heavier areas where well drained, will undoubted- 

 ly give a well-balanced growth of tree and fruit. On the other 

 hand, the AJont Alto soils of medium texture that are more highly 

 productive seem especially well adapted to Grimes, a variety that 

 needs encouragiement in tree growth. The Porters and other soils 

 a little heavier are also adapted to this variety. Grimes seems not 

 sufficiently vigorous to overcome a stiff subsoil, although the sub- 

 soil must be clavey enough to maintain a steady supply of moisture. 

 A mellow or plastic clay loam best supplies this condition, and the 

 fruit from such soils is slightly better in keeping qualities than 

 that from lighter mellow soils. The soil requirements of the 

 Grimes differ markedly from those of the York which will thrive 

 on a much stiffer subsoil than the Grimes. 



Jonathan holds a good deal of oromise for this section. Its 

 high qualitv and the strong demand for it when well grown make 

 it a very desirable sort. As ,s:rown in the north, that is, in New 

 York and in northern Pennsylvania, at least, its size is somewhat 

 disappointing. In the southern Ozark countrv it is a magnificent 

 apple. It is the one commercial sort which has been fully tested 

 there that can compete in quality with Pennsvlvania apples. In 

 West Mrginia it varies greatlv in size dependine on conditions. 

 The tree has not a strong growing habit, and the further north it is 

 grown the smaller the fruit, when grown under comparable condi- 

 tions. A deep mellow warm soil such as the so-called Pine Lands 

 the other side of South ^Mountain — named the Leesburg series dur- 

 ing this season's work — is well adapted to the Jonathan. Care- 

 fullv grown on a soil of that kind I believe a satisfactory growth 

 of tree mav be secured, and that the fruit will meet requirements 

 both for size and for color. 



Smokehouse is another sort of high qualitv that grows well 

 on light to medium soils. The soil must be well drained, and if 

 also somewhat porous fruit of better color is secured. Such a soil 

 may be put in a productive condition, but care should be exercised 

 in applying nitrogen as an excess of this element makes it difficult 

 to secure good color. 



I will mention three other varieties that seem well worth con- 

 sidering, though I have relativelv little data concerning them. One 

 of these is the Arkansas Black which is doing verv well in some 

 cases. It is dull in color but is fairlv s:ood in qualitv and has been 

 profitable in some cases in southeast Pennsvlvania. For it I would 

 suggest medium to light soils in an experimental wav ; and similar 

 soils will give very good results with the Stark. W. S. Adams, of 

 this countv. has had experience in growing: the Stark on the Porters 

 soils, and finds the color rather dull, but when grown at its best the 

 Stark is dull in color, and it is not improbable that it mav be grown 

 fairly well in this section, especiallv on the Pine Lands. It has 



