34 



to so many other uses about the farm. The engine should be able to 

 produce and maintain a pressure of, at least, one hundred seventy- 

 five pounds, and it would be better to have it two hundred pounds. 

 Especially when you are spraying apples just after blooming time 

 and it is necessary to do a thorough job to control codling moth 

 and scab. 



The difficulties that arise in the use of the gasoline engine are 

 usually due to weak batteries or gummed up sparking plugs, to the 

 presence of water or dirt in the gasoline, or to an improper propor- 

 tion of air and gas. These parts should be frequently examined 

 and kept in good condition. 



Just what is the best method of coupling up the pump and 

 engine, whether by belt drive or piston drive, is a question in my 

 mind. However, I cannot see any special advantage of either way 

 over the other. Most all power outfits should be provided with a re- 

 lief valve for the return to the tank of some of the liquid when the 

 pressure becomes too high. Manufacturers now make these so 

 that iron or steel seats and springs can be put in when spraying 

 with lime and sulphur. One firm has the spring on the outside, so 

 that the spray mixture cannot injure it. 



The nozzle that seems to give the greatest satisfaction for 

 general use in orchards, both for lime and sulphur and Bordeaux, 

 is the nozzle known as the "Friend Type." It has a large capacity, 

 makes a fine spray and carries a considerable distance. Nearly all 

 firms have a nozzle of this type. The angle nozzle is very handy; 

 by its use the operator can throw the spray in several different 

 directions by simply turning the extension rod. Any nozzle can be 

 made into an angle nozzle by the use of an elbow of thirty to forty 

 degrees. 



The bamboo extension rod is to be preferred to the iron gas 

 pipe kind, as they are lighter and not so tiresome to handle. Other 

 accessories, that all well equipped orchard sprayers include, are 

 leather, or rubber drip guards on the extension rods, a good stop 

 cock, and plenty of good three or four ply hose, one-half inch in 

 diameter. 



The tower: Every spraying outfit for orchard or park use 

 should be equipped with a tower. This is especially desirable with 

 large apple and pear trees. Without it one cannot possibly do a 

 thorough job. In spraying for the scale, if every spot on each 

 little twig is not covered with lime and sulphur, or other spray 

 used, a few of them will be left to multiply and re-infect the tree 

 and fruit. They seem to have wonderful enduring and reproduc- 

 tive qualities. Also in spraying for the first brood of codling moth 

 and for the scab, up-to-date growers now consider it an essential 

 to get up so that the spray will be deposited in and about every 

 little calyx cup. That is where most all of the early injury is done 

 to the apple. In the pear, the scab does not seem to be so par- 

 ticular as to the point of attack. 



