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varieties. The Hartford Prolific is planted in some localities, but 

 I would not advise it. There are, as I say, a host of other varieties. 

 I would stick to the old time variety — the Concord — adding as I 

 saw fit more or less of the Niagara. 



The vines should be planted in the spring. We get good strong 

 vines, usually two years of age. A few years ago we secured two- 

 year Concord plants for ic. each. You cannot do that now, but the 

 price is not large. Plant comparatively deep. Have the soil just 

 as you should have it for all sorts of fruit, in a fine condition, so 

 that the plants may readily take root. 



That means a moist soil. I have seen vineyards put out in a 

 very dry condition, where it was necessary to carry a little moist 

 earth to put around the roots. The hole was then filled with earth 

 that was almost dry. As to distance apart, possibly I will not give 

 what would be the best distances to plant the vineyard commercially, 

 but I should say that the rows in your vineyard should be amply 

 wide to allow a spring-tooth harrow to go through between the 

 rows with two feet to spare. That will give you seven or eight 

 feet distance in the rows. About eight feet is my preference be- 

 tween the rows. Personally, I believe in giving all of our fruit a 

 good deal of space. You will get finer fruit and your yield per acre 

 will be larger if you do not crowd your vines and trees. 



Some people get along permanently without trellises. For the 

 first two years you can tie the vines to a stake, but by the beginning 

 of the third year you should have a wire and post trellis. You can 

 find many different methods, consequently you will find some people 

 training to one wire, some to three wires, some even using as high 

 as five wires. I have seen quite extensive commercial vineyards 

 where as high as five wires were used. I prefer either the two or 

 the three wire trellis. To persons who desire to grow fancy fruit 

 I should advise the three wire method. 



Just a word as to how to construct the trellis. The first wire 

 will be two feet from the ground, the second will be 20 inches 

 above, and the third wire about 20 inches above that, that would 

 bring the top wire somewhere in the neighborhood of 5 feet. 



Some portions of the stem are perennial and from these parts 

 there are grown each year, the canes which will bear the fruit. The 

 perennial parts remain an indefinite time, some times as long as 

 thirty years or even more. We have them as old as this in our own 

 vineyards and I cannot see but that these old portions produce as 

 healthy bearing wood as the young vines. Let me repeat that the 

 fruit is borne on parts of the vines which grew the year preceding. 

 There is a portion of each vine which does not bear the fruit but 

 which produces the wood each year and it is on this wood that the 

 fruit is. 



With the three wire system, the perernial part of the vine 

 comes to the lower wire and here divides, one old cane going to the 

 right for about four feet and another part going to the left for an 

 equal distance. On the the right hand portion two canes are left 



