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each spring which will produce the fruit on that half of the vine. 

 These canes extend from the perennial part, which runs along the 

 bottom wire, in an upw^ard direction to the top wire. The two 

 bearing branches will be about two feet apart. The perennial por- 

 tion on the left side will also have two bearing canes on it, making 

 four in all for the vine. About half way between these four canes 

 will be four other new growing canes each summer, which in turn 

 will become the bearing wood the following summer. No doubt 

 many of you will wonder if these four canes will produce enough 

 fruit to make it worth the while. As a matter of fact, too much 

 fruit will be produced on them and it will be necessary to thin out 

 some of the clusters in the early part of the summer. Once again 

 ^et me impress this fact upon you. A single vine will need no more 

 than four bearing canes, each cane being about four feet in length. 

 Each summer must see four new canes being grown on each vine 

 to replace the four then producing the fruit. It is a continuous 

 process. 



Pruning. — Prune early in the spring before the vine has made 

 any growth. The pruning consists largely in cutting out the por- 

 tion of the vine which produced the fruit the preceding year. In 

 pruning, it is necessary to see that the four new canes are present 

 and in case there have been others growing, these should be cut out 

 when we prune. In cutting off the canes that produced the fruit 

 the year before, it is well to leave one bud, which will furnish the 

 growing part for the following summer. 



In the spring, after your trellis has been repaired, your posts 

 reset and wires tightened, you tie those four canes to the horizontal 

 wires. Tie first to the top wire. In former years we used four-ply 

 twine. We tied the cane sufficiently tight with the four-ply twine 

 so that it will not move with the shaking of the wind. However, 

 in recent years we have replaced the four-ply twine with a very fine 

 stove-pipe wire. I have not seen that used very much in the com- 

 mercial vineyard, but it has proven satisfactory with us. We hold 

 one end close to the wire and wind it first around the wire and then 

 twice around the vine and wire. We buy the wire in the rolls and 

 have them cut into three sections. This gives us a wire about 6 

 inches in length. After tying the top, then we go through, taking a 

 four-ply string and tying tightly around the middle wire sufficiently 

 tight to keep it from swaying with the wind. 



Let me give you another system of training your vines. This 

 is a two-wire system. It is a little bit more economical in building 

 the trellis, which instead of having our perennial part horizontally 

 placed, we put it up to the top wire. Now that is perennial and does 

 not bear fruit. We leave that there from year to year, and along the 

 lower wire, running to the right 4 feet, we have a young cane to 

 produce the fruit, and also on the left a young cane comes out 

 to produce fruit. Along the top wire we have a similar cane. 

 This is just turning the process around. The bearing wood is 

 wound loosely around these wires and tied, to keep it from unwind- 



