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low enough to be reached by cattle, or the 

 growth of which is vertical, or parallel to 

 the stem. Cut all close to the stem. Dig 

 a trench round the tree, at the distance of 

 about twenty inches from it. Undermine 

 the ball of earth, at the depth of about 

 three feet, so that every root may be cut 

 previous to lifting it. Tie some old car- 

 peting or matting round the stem of the 

 tree. Place the machine, without the shafts, 

 on the planks, and block the wheels ; the 

 centre of the axle over the centre of the 

 ball of earth, and the ring of the windlass 

 rope at the foot of the tree. Place the 

 chain with the round links horizontally, 

 and loosely, round the lower part of the 

 ball of earth. Cross the end held in the 

 left hand twice over the end held in the 

 right hand, and lay both ends down. Pass 

 one of the other chains, as far as its middle, 

 through the ring of the windlass rope. 

 Pass the ends of this chain beneath the 

 horizontal chain, and hook the ends back 



