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stem of the tree to the roots. The grain 

 of every other year's growth annually turns 

 down the stem of the tree, short of the 

 centre of the tree, directly as the newness 

 of its growth. The same or rather the 

 reverse appearance may be observed above 

 the branch if the branch and the stem 

 are cut longitudinally where they join ; 

 that is, the grain of each year's growth of 

 the branch appears to turn up the stem 

 of the tree ; for each annual downward 

 growth of the branch meets the cor- 

 responding annual downward growth of 

 the head of the tree, joins or anasto- 

 moses with it, and passes round the 

 side of the branch down the stem. Thus, 

 above, and below, and on the sides of the 

 branch, each annual growth of the branch 

 and of the stem are not two growths, but 

 one growth, and it cannot be said where 

 the growth of the branch ends and that of 

 the stem begins ; and the part of the 

 branch within the stem is much more 



