Preparing the Ground. 



open, and no earth to turn into it. Therefore, you take the 

 earth of the first trench in the next lift^ at E, and wheel, 

 or throw, it into that open trench, putting the top spits at 

 the bottom, and so on, as before. You have now got a 

 clean open trench to go on along the second lift, till you 

 come to F, where you are to fill up your last open trench 

 by taking the earth from the first trench at G. And thus 

 you go on from G to H, from H to I, from I to K, from K 

 to L, from L to M, from M to N, and from N to P, when 

 all your ground will have been turned upside down to the 

 depth of two feet, and when the whole piece will lie six or 

 seven inches higher than it did before, 



20. But, the soil may be such, that this operation would 

 turn down to the bottom whatever there is of good mould, 

 and bring to the top something in which hardly any thing 

 will ever strike root ; clear chalk, for instance;, or pure 

 ?and, or gravel, or clay fit to make pots or pipes; or some 

 other hungry stuff, in which the young trees would hardly 

 live, and never could grow. When this is the case, the top 

 mould must still be kept at the top ; but still the trenching 

 must be performed ; for the ground must be moved and 

 turned, to the two feet deep. 



21. But here the method of trenching is different from 

 that just described. You begin, as before, by opening the 

 trench a, and disposing of the contents as mentioned in 

 paragraph 1 8. But, then, you do not turn into the bottom 

 of trench a the top of trench b ; you take off the top of 

 trench b, a clean spit, or to the depth of the good mould, 

 if that be not a spit deep. You dispose of this top mould 

 of h, in the same way as of the contents of a. Now, then, you 

 have a clean trench, a, two feet deep, and you have along- 

 side of it, yet unmoved, all except the top mould of trench b, 



B 2 



