68 HARVESTING, STORING, AND MARKETING 



{e) Load cars properly. 



(/) Consider market preferences and prices. 



(g) Consider export markets. 



(a) Consider Ways in Which Apples May Be Sold. Large 

 quantities of apples are sold in some sections to local dealers 

 acting for themselves, or as agents with outside connections. 

 In some sections much of the fruit is packed by the growers 

 and sold at the shipping point (f.o.b.) either to local dealers 

 or agencies outside. F.o.b. sales, with shipping-point inspec- 

 tion, as described later, are decidedly on the increase in most 

 sections. 



In other sections the fruit is packed by the grower and 

 consigned to agents at the point of consumption, who sell the 

 shipment on commission. 



The simplest and most direct procedure is found where 

 the grower deals with the retail grocer in a nearby town or 

 w^here he works up a direct-to-the-consumer trade. There is 

 opportunity in every section for a few growers to supply their 

 communities in this way. Up to the saturation point for the 

 community, better returns often .prevail than on the general 

 market, even considering the greater amount of time fre- 

 quently spent by the grower in marketing his product. 



Roadside or wayside stands and markets have developed 

 with the automobile and good roads. Unsatisfactory prices 

 at terminal and wholesale markets in recent years and the 

 necessity for the grower to retain as much of the consumer's 

 dollar as possible have hastened this development. The pro- 

 portion of the crop handled through these channels is small, 

 but in favorable locations, and with the opportunity to oper- 

 ate the stands by members of the family, they have presented a 

 favorable marketing opportunity for many growers. 



Certain factors governing the success of roadside markets 

 are beginning to emerge. Studies made of 316 such markets 

 during the three-year period 1931-33 and of 153 markets in 

 1937 by the New York State College of Agriculture indicate 



