MARKETING 



93 



sumers, are still unfamiliar with many varieties. Coddling is 

 an old variety— probably not a bushel reaches the New York 

 market; Pippin in the Western list is probably Newtown; 

 Mcintosh, Northern Spy, and Baldwin do not belong in the 

 Western list; Stayman Winesap, a variety of substantial im- 

 portance, appears on neither list. It may be included with 

 Winesap, a distinct variety. 



Chain-store systems are strong promoters of the sale of 

 apples, giving a large amount of publicity consistently through- 

 out the year to the effort. They are cooperating well with 

 growers' organizations. In New York City in 1937-38, five 

 chains sold 345,000 bushels of apples, of which 75 percent 

 were from Eastern growing sections. Table 19 lists the price 

 per pound by months of apple varieties handled by these 

 chains. The figures following the variety names indicate the 

 number of apples in the package. Prices vary from year to 

 year ; the relationships between varieties are of interest. Chain 

 stores know their varieties, because fruits are usually pur- 

 chased in large quantities by experienced buyers. 



In 1938, the United States Department of Labor made a 

 survey of the incomes of 14,266 families in New York City. 

 It found that 



24.2% had a family income of less than $1000 



14.9% " " " $1000 — $1499 



18.4% " " " " $1500 — $1999 



14.6% " " " " " $2000 — $2499 



10.2% " " " " " $2500 — $2999 



12.6% " " " " " $3000 — $4999 



5.1% " " " " $5000 and more 



Granted that this situation may not be normal, owing to 

 general conditions, it still is evident that the bulk of city fami- 

 lies have very modest incomes, that they must buy with care^ 

 and that it is a major concern of the grower that distributing 



