108 HARVESTING, STORING, AND MARKETING 



of such products was $10,634,000 in 1933; in 1938 it was 

 $8,563,000 for 44 million gallons. Filtered and pasteurized 

 apple juice has increased in popularity during the last few 

 years. By manufacturing apple jelly, apple flakes, pectin 

 extracts, apple butter, and some other by-products, apple out- 

 lets have increased and the low grades appearing on the 

 market have been correspondingly reduced. Every effort 

 which takes this low-grade fruit off the fresh-fruit market 

 would seem to be a movement in the right direction. 



ig) Consider Export Markets. The export market is of 

 great importance to American growers. The proportion of the 

 total crop absorbed by it is not great, but if kept at home it 

 would constitute a surplus which would tend to demoralize 

 home markets. The quantity exported varies with the size of 

 the domestic crop and with the crops in Canada and Europe, 

 particularly in England. Normally from 10 to 12 percent 

 of the commercial apple crop is exported. In late years this 

 has meant about 10 million bushels annually from the United 

 States, though the amount does show substantial variation 

 from year to year (Fig. 44) . Canadian apples are preferred, 

 largely because the United Kingdom is the chief importer and 

 gives preference to the products of a member of her family 

 of nations. 



Australia and New Zealand ship apples to the BritisK 

 Isles, but as their season is from April to July there is little 

 competition with American apples. 



The British Isles ordinarily lead all other countries in 

 imports by a wide margin. London, Liverpool, Glasgow, 

 Manchester, Southampton, Hull, Bristol, and Cardiff are im- 

 port centers. Transshipment to Ireland takes place from 

 Liverpool and Glasgow. In normal years Germany, the Neth- 

 erlands, Denmark, Norway, and Sweden have been good 

 customers. 



The Central and South American countries import some 

 apples. Argentina, formerly a substantial market, now grows 

 her own apples in large part and restricts importations from 



