t 



158 PREPARING FOR WINTER 



(a) (b) (c) {Indiana Exp. Station) 



Fig. 56. Crotch, Hmb, and trunk injury, (a) Crotch and trunk injury 

 from cold weather. Note distinct line of demarcation between dead and 

 live tissues, {b) This tree had two limbs girdled by winter injury. 

 Crotch and trunk injury" has also occurred. The girdled limbs have been 

 cut off close to the main branch and the dead bark has been removed 

 from the other injured areas in preparation for painting, (c) Same tree 

 as 6, with injured areas properly painted for protection. 



When injury to wood tissues 



(Mich. Exp. Station) 



Tig. 57. Collar injurv' from low 

 temperatures at the base of an old 

 apple tree. Note that the injur>' has 

 occurred on the seedling stock just 

 below the graft. The top is Mcintosh. 



has occurred, the affected 

 tissues usually become 

 bro^Ti or black in color. 

 The injurv' can readily be 

 noted either by cutting off 

 small branches, by cutting 

 through the bark of the 

 branches, or by splitting 

 small branches. Figure 55 

 represents this type of in- 

 jury. 



When injury" occurs in 

 the crotch of the tree or at 

 the ground or collar, the 

 bark usually is killed and 

 gradually loosens and 

 comes off. Such injuries are 

 sho\\Ti in Fio^s. 56 and 57. 



