298 



CONTROLLING INSECTS AND DISEASES 



DN oil has been used successfully for several years in the control 

 of certain pests. The suggested recommendations are 2 gallons of DN 

 oil to 100 gallons of water for rosy aphis, San Jose scale, and scurfy 

 scale, and from 2% to 3 gallons for bud moth and oyster-shell scale. 

 The material is applied in the spring before the buds show any green. 



Green-Tip Spray. The green-tip spray is suggested in large orchards 

 where it has been difficult to cover the entire orchard for aphis contrv^l 

 in the limited time permitted at the regular delayed-dormant stage. 

 While nicotine sulfate and lime-sulfur 1-50 usually proves more satis- 

 factory at the delayed-dormant stage than at other times, it has been 

 found possible to obtain commercial control with nicotine and a 3-percent 

 lubricating-oil emulsion when the buds are showing green tips and the 

 aphis eggs are not yet hatched. At this time the eggs are susceptible to 

 the effect of nicotine sulfate in combination with lubricating-oil emul- 

 sion as given in the following formula : 



Bordeaux mixture * 2-4-100 



Lubricating oil 3 gallons 



Nicotine sulfate t 1 pint 



Water to make 100 gallons 



* The Bordeaux is used to emulsify the oil and will also aid in preventing 

 early apple-scab infection. If scab is not a problem, pound of li^in-pitch 

 may be used instead of the Bordeaux mixture to emulsify the oil. 



t The nicotine may be omitted if tar distillate emulsion or DN oil has been 

 used in the dormant spray or on non-aphis-susceptible varieties, such as Mcintosh, 

 unless bud moth is a problem. 



San Jose scale, bud moth, and European red mite are also held in 

 check by this application. 



Delayed -Dormant Spray (when the leaves of the blossom buds are 

 out from % to % inch) 



Lime-sulfur 2 gallons 



Lead arsenate 3 pounds 



Nicotine sulfate 1 pint 



Water to make 100 gallons 



Three pounds of hydrated lime included in the spray mixture tends 

 to reduce the danger from arsenical injury. 



The addition of % pound of lignin-pitch improves the spreading 

 qualities of the spray mixture. 



Lime-sulfur is included for the control of apple scab. 



Lead arsenate is used for the control of case-bearers, the tent cater- 

 pillar, and other chewing insects. .It is of value also in the control of 

 apple scab. 



Nicotine sulfate is used primarily against the rosy and green aphida 



