308 CONTROLLING INSECTS AND DISEASES 



tain lands. Lighter outfits of less capacity may be necessary 

 on hilly land than on level land, and the work must conse- 

 quently go more slowly. 



(d) Consider Accessibility of Water Supply, Time spent in 

 procuring water is time lost in covering the trees. The round 

 trip to water one-fourth mile distant will require at least 15 

 minutes with a team, 8 to 10 minutes with a tractor, without 

 regard to the time spent in filling the tank. Many orchards 

 are so poorly located with reference to water supply that nearly 

 one-half the spraying time is spent merely in getting the 

 water. Growers operating under such conditions are under 

 a serious handicap. They need to consider carefully the 

 feasibility of applying most of their materials without water. 

 If this does not seem practicable, then they may well expend 

 a considerable sum to arrange a more accessible supply of 

 water. The same outfit will then apply a much greater quan- 

 tity of material in the same period, or the grower may reduce 

 the equipment needed. 



Together with the convenience of the water supply should 

 go arrangements for mixing materials and filling the tank that 

 will save time and increase the productive efficiency of the 

 outfit. 



(e) Consider Availability of Labor, This implies both 

 quantity and quality. Much is involved in the spraying 

 operation beside the mere application of materials. The 

 machinery is quite complicated; formulas for mixings and 

 dilution are exact; the time limits within which effective appli- 

 cations may be made are often narrow. The man on the spray 

 outfit should visualize the organisms he seeks to control and 

 the finished product he hopes to achieve. For these reasons, 

 growers with small orchards attempt to handle the spraying 

 job through some member of the family who is vitally inter- 

 ested. Large growers employ trusted men of more than aver- 

 age intelligence to supervise and direct the operation. If only 

 a few capable men are available, then a number of high-class 

 outfits of large capacity should be considered. 



