CONTROL MEASURES OTHER THAN SPRAYING 355 



15 years old, the total spraying cost was 44 cents per tree com- 

 pared to 62 cents per tree in orchards 30 or more years of age. 

 The total cost per 100 gallons of spray applied averaged 

 $1.37 in these orchards. 



A similar test in 1931, in the valley area of Shenandoah- 

 Cumberland district, showed spraying and dusting costs to 

 average $17.30 per acre. Dusting was rarely done, and for all 

 practical purposes, 6 spraying applications would include the 

 entire operation. Of the 402 acres of trees studied, 261 acres 

 were between the ages of 15 and 30. There would be a slight 

 increase in cost for the 84 acres which were over 30 years of 

 age and a slight decrease for the 57 acres which were from 

 10 to 14 years of age. 



In the Hudson Valley of New York 4 applications of dust 

 were applied for the same cost as 3 sprays. In western New 

 York the cost of applying 8 dusts was about the same as that 

 for 7 sprays. These costs include the material, labor, and 

 equipment charges. Materials to spray an acre once cost 

 24 percent less than dust materials. Interest, depreciation, 

 repair, gas, and oil for the sprayer were 73 percent more than 

 the corresponding costs for the duster. 



7. Adopting Control Measures Other Than Spraying and 

 Dusting. Sometimes measures other than the application of 

 materials to the trees may be employed to advantage by the 

 orchardist. 



The burning of adjacent hedgerows and cleaning up the 

 boundaries of the orchard aid in control of such insects as 

 plum curculio and lessen the danger from mice and rabbits. 



There is some evidence that thorough spraying of the apple 

 leaves on the ground in early spring may help in scab control. 



The only method known at present for control of cedar rust 

 is the removal of all cedars within a radius of one mile of the 

 orchard. 



The peach tree borer is controlled best by the use of ethyl- 

 ene dichloride or paradichlorobenzene, as indicated under 

 General Information at the close of this chapter. Neither it 



