WHIP GRAFTING 



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same manner. Make the tongue on the proper end of the cion 

 so that when the cion is in place the buds will grow away from 

 rather than toward the stock. 



Uniting Stock and Cion, Slip the tongue of the cion inside 

 the tongue of the stock until the cion is firmly in place. Disre- 

 gard one side of the cut surface of the cion, but make certain 

 that the cambium of the other side is in contact with the cam- 

 bium of the stock. It is seldom that cion and stock will be of 

 the same size. In the effort to match up both sides, there is 

 danger of missing cambium contact altogether; it is therefore 

 better to confine attention to but one margin of the cut sur- 

 faces. 



When the cion is in place, wind the place of union with 

 waxed string without tying and without attempting to cover the 

 entire union with cord. Wax all cut surfaces thoroughly, 

 exercising care not to disturb the cion in the slightest degree. 



Subsequent Treatment, After union and growth take place, 

 cut the waxed cord to prevent girdling, unless the cord pulls 

 apart itself. 



Several or all of the buds on the cion may grow. Rub or 

 cut off those that are not desired and train the top or branch 

 in the usual manner. 



Whip Grafting in the Nursery, As indicated in Chap- 

 ter III, '^Establishing the Orchard,^' the nurseryman employs 

 whip grafting on the roots to establish the desired variety on 

 the roots of the seedling. Whole roots or pieces of roots are 

 used as stock. The operation is usually performed in Febru- 

 ary, following the same procedure as in grafting parts above 

 ground. The union is bound with waxed cord, but is not cov- 

 ered with wax. The completed grafts are stored in bundles 

 of 25 or 50 in moist sand in a cool cellar until spring. 



A development of healing tissue about the union, termed a 

 callus, takes place in the meantime. The grafts are planted 

 about 6 inches apart in the nursery row and deeply enough so 

 that only the upper bud appears above ground. One shoot is 

 permitted to grow to form the tree. At the end of the season 



