PRUNING AND TRAINING THE PLANTS 549 



vigorous and trailing varieties are grown, a trellis is always 

 used. The type of trellis 

 varies with the particular 

 conditions or convenience 

 of grower. Those described 

 under red raspberries are 

 also used by blackberry 

 growers. The Evergreen 

 Blackberry is trained to a 

 four-wire trellis in Oregon 

 and Washington and to a 

 pole trellis 5% feet high, or 

 to stakes like dewberries, 

 in New Jersey. 



Dewberries. Pruning 

 and training of dewberries 

 vary somewhat in the dif- 

 ferent sections. In North 

 Carolina and other middle- 

 southern sections, the plants 

 are usually grown in hills 

 5 feet apart each way. In 

 these regions both the old 

 and new canes are cut off 

 and the tops burned imme- 

 diately after harvest. With 

 thorough cultivation and 

 the application of fertilizer, 

 new shoots then grow vig- 

 orously and are allowed to 

 trail on the ground. The 

 following spring the canes 

 are wound spirally about 

 stakes at each hill and 

 tied at about three places. 



(77. s. D. A.) 



Fig. 232. Pruning hooks, home made, 

 used to remove old canes after bearing 

 and to thin the young canes. These 

 implements are about 34 inches long. 

 The straps slip over the wrist. Some- 

 what similar hooks may be purchased. 



The stakes are usually driven 



