PT. I. 



OF TRANSPLANTING. 



5 



straight arms, wabbling can only be prevented by 

 having the arms and boxes very long. This increases 

 the friction ; perhaps as much as results from forcing a 

 conical wheel to run straight instead of circling out- 

 ward from the carriage. 



DESCRIPTION OF THE PRUNING SAW, AND PRUNING 

 LADDER. 



The best instrument to prune small trees with is a 

 carpenter's turiiing saw^ with coarse teeth, set wide 

 for the purpose ; having a large handle, with a hook 

 to attach it to boughs or the rounds of a ladder, and 

 admitting of the blade being taken in and out by 

 screws, and replaced when broken. The saw is held 

 by the round part of the handle while sawing a 

 branch from below upward ; and all branches should, 

 if possible, be begun from below, to avoid tearing the 

 bark and last layers of wood as the branch falls. A 

 chopping instrument, such as a bill-hook, besides 

 bruising the bark and sphtting the wood, is apt to cut 

 too close, or not close enough, or both ; that is, to 

 begin by cutting too close, and to finish by not cutting 

 close enough. Or if it finishes close to the stem, great 

 risk is run of injury to the bark or branches above 

 that amputated. In the case of cutting too close, the 

 parts from which the new healing growth is to proceed 

 are injured ; in the case of not cutting close enough, a 



