VT. IV. 



PEUNING AND TtliraiNG. 



199 



centre of the tree, directly as the newness of its growth. 

 The same or rather the reverse appearance may be ob- 

 served above the branch, if a living branch and the 

 stem are cut longitudinally where they join ; that is, 

 the graiu of each year's growth of the branch appears 

 to turn up the stem of the tree : for each annual down- 

 ward growth of the branch meets the corresp>onding 

 annual downward growth of the head of the tree, joins 

 or anastomoses with it, and passes round the side of the 

 branch down the stem. Thus, above, and below, and 

 on the sides of the branch, each annual growth of the 

 branch and of the stem is not two growths, but one 

 growth, and it cannot be said where the growtli of the 

 branch ends and that of the stem begins ; and the part 

 of the branch within the stem is much more like the 

 roots of a tree than a cone. When the tree is cut up 

 in the saw-pit, if the saw does not strike the pith of the 

 branch exactly lengthwise, if it cuts the branch diago- 

 nally lengthwise, the branch will form a double cone 

 and taper both ways at once. If this double cone 

 chance to be divided across the centre, the two parts of 

 the same branch will on one board show as a cone 

 tapering outwardly, and in another as a cone tapering 

 inwardly. The double cone I alhide to, will be easily 

 seen by cutting a small branch across with a long slant. 

 De CandoUe's internal cone would only exist if the 

 annual downward growth in girthing of the branch 

 ceased when it arrived at the stem ; but as this growth 

 does not cease here, a branch unduly large in proportion 



