- 58 - 



Miiller thought, plants could probably spring. The cases given by Correns 

 where bits of stems, leaves, and brood-bodies form a protonema, are chiefly 

 concerned with plants under cultivation. F. bryoides (L.) Hedw. was shown 

 to produce resting branch-primordia (Astanlagen), which he regards as 

 greatly reduced leaves, consisting of a modified costa, and are called brood- 

 leaves. An example familiar to moss-students is that of the brood-bodies 

 on the pseudopodia of Aulacom7iiu7ii palustre. F. grandifrons doubtless 

 partakes of this property, as seen in its ability to form rhizoids on the costa 

 (Fig. 2). As Fig. 4 shows them springing from the leaf-margin, it also 

 partakes of the leaf characters of F. Metzgeria as seen by Miiller. Heald*, 

 experimenting with F. bryoides, found buds borne in the region of the leaf- 

 axils, "which in course of time were detached from the stems." This is 

 more like the incipient form of the buds in F. grandifrons, though no pro- 

 tonema may anywhere intervene in the latter. The case of F. taxifolius 

 (L.) Hedw., where the brood-bodies are root-bulbils formed of rhizojdsand are 

 borne on the stems, does not show its analogue in my specimens of F. grandi- 

 frons. The striking case observed by Schimper and by Goebel, in which h. 

 [Conomitrium) Julianus (Sav.) Schimp. bore shoots on the calyptra, may be 

 given in this cojinection for completeness. Those cultivated by Schimper-f 

 bore them on the outer surface without the previous formation of a proton- 

 ema; those observed by Goebel:{: sprang from the inner surface " with the 

 intervention of a short piece of protonema." But the case of this species mul- 

 tiplying by leafy branches, which become detached from the stem, as noticed 

 by Schimper and mentioned by Goebel (p. 147), is like that of F. grandi- 

 frons. Here branches are isolated by decay at their base, and break off 

 from the stems to form new plants. || Correns, in an enumeration of mosses 

 possessing brood-organs in the region of Limpricht's flora, mentions this (as 

 Octodiceras Julianum) as one having brood-branches. 



The substratum on which 1 have found F. grandifrons differs from those 

 usually given. Nearly all authorities mention limestone. Mrs. Britton 

 says, ' ' in water saturated with lime, or in mud." At ' ' Starved Rock " it was 

 on sandstone. This is the outcropping rock, but it overlies the calciferous 

 formation which comes to the surface not far below in the river valley. But 

 the presence of lime carbonate in the water passing through the bed is 

 shown by quite a thick incrustation on some of the older stems and leaves. The 

 moss in both stations in Michigan was attached to sticks and logs, and the 

 stems mostly immersed. The specimens from Boyne River indicate the 

 presence of lime on the older parts of the stems, chiefly as a thin plate in the 

 fold made by the upward conduplication of the leaves. Those from Barr 

 Creek, Bear Lake, are very clean and quite free from all foreign matter. A 

 slight effervescence from some most favorable bits of stems placed in acid 

 showed the presence of lime. These streams are usually the outlets of little 

 lakes and ponds whose bottoms are often whitened by decaying molluscan 

 shells. Chicago, 111. 



*Botanical Gazette, 26: 200, 1898. 



tSynopsis Mus. Eurp. p. 123. JOntlines of classification, etc. p. 174. 

 IIGoebel in Schenk's Handbuch der Botanik, 2; 389. 



