— 25 — 



and all more or less spreading, erect, ascending or decumbent, axils fre- 

 quently perforate and the sides of the podetia also rarely perforate, cortex 

 subcontinuous or areolate, the areoles smooth or somewhat raised, destitute 

 of squamules, straw-colored to sea-green or the decorticate portions between 

 the areoles white, the dead portion below frequently darker, the apices subu- 

 late and straight and frequently spinous and not infrequently brownish. 

 Apothecia small, .5-. 9 mm. in diameter, solitary or clustered at the ends of 

 short radiately or cyniosely arranged apices, thinly margined or without 

 margin, plane or somewhat convex, the disk pale to brown. Hypothecium 

 pale or colorless. Hymenium brownish above and pale or pale-brownish 

 below. Paraphyses simple, rarely cohering, the pale apices very slightly 

 thickened. Asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate, the apical wall thickened. 

 (Fig. 5). 



Grows on earth or on rocks covered by humus. The plant is foun i in all 

 parts of North America and is quite cosmopolitan in its foreign distribution 

 also. The species is usually a shorter plant than the last with rather stouter 

 podetia, whose apices are rather more obtuse. Yet in northern regions 

 where both species occur, the shorter cupless conditions of the last fre- 

 quently seem to pass into the present species. 



Cladonia UNCiALis (L.) Web. var. getusata (Ach.) Nyl. Syn. Meth. Lich. 215. 

 i860. 



The i^lant of Acharius was of the usual size with minute axilary perfora- 

 tions, was densely radiate-branched and had obtuse more or less spinous 

 summits. Ours from Oak Island, Lake of the Woods, and determined by 

 Dr. Wainio, is a stout plant, the podetia reaching 3 or 4 mm. in diameter. 

 The axilliary perforations are by no means minute, and the summits of the 

 branches are scarcely spinous, though quite obtuse. The podetia reach 

 65 mm. in length. The specimen is well supplied with small apothecia and 

 seems very near Cladonia Boryi, Tuck. Known in Europe, but not pre- 

 viously reported from America so far as we know. Perhaps Cladonia itncialis 

 (L.) Web var. turgescens (Schaer.) Del. in Dub. Bot. Gall. 620. 1830, and 

 Cladonia uncialis (L.) Web. var. dilaceraia Leight. Not. Lich. Richards, 

 191. 1866, should be noticed as both have been reported from North America. 

 Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. Lich. Helv. 35. 1823. 



Primary thallus persistent or finally disappearing, composed of middling 

 sized, irregularly or subdigitately incised, more or less ascending, flat or 

 involute, clustered or scattered squamules, which are whitish, sea-green, 

 brownish or olivaceous, 1-3.5 mm. long and .10-30 mm. wide. Podetia 

 arising from the surface of the primary thallus, sometimes dying at the base 

 but slowly increasing in length at the top, 10-85 mm. long and .5-4 mm. in 

 diameter, cylindrical, turbinate or irregularly turgescent, commonly erect, 

 cup-be'aring, decorticate and sorediate or corticate toward the base, with- 

 out squamules or squamulose toward the base, white, ashy, sea-green or 

 brownish or these colors variegated, the lower dead portion ususally darker, 

 the sides and the apices usually perforate. Cups 2-8 mm. in diameter, 

 commonl)^ perforate, becoming repeatedly proliferate. Apothecia small, 



