xii 



CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XII. 



Falkland Islands — Excursion round island — Aspect — Cattle, horses, rab- 

 bit, wolf-like fox — Fire made of bones — Art in making fire — Manner of 

 hunting wild cattle — Geology, fossil shells — Valleys filled with great 

 fragments, scenes of violence — Penguin — Geese — Fggs of doris — 

 Zoophytes, coralline phosphorescent — Compound animals . 245 



CHAPTER XIII. 



Strait of Magellan — Port Famine — Geology — Deep water in channels- 

 Erratic boulders — Climate — Limit of fruit trees — Mean temperature — 

 Luxuriant forests — Rigour of antarctic islands — Contrast with the 

 north — Snow-line, great flexure of — Glaciers — Icebergs transport frag- 

 ments of rock — Glaciers in low latitude — Absence of erratic blocks in 

 intertropical regions — Glaciers and tropical vegetation — Comparison 

 with northern hemisphere — Siberian animals in ice — Embedded in 

 cold mud — Edible fungus — Zoology — Fucus giganteus — Leave Tierra 

 del Fuego . . . . . .263 



CHAPTER XIV. 



Valparaiso — Excursion to base of Andes — Structure of land — Ascend 

 Bell of Quillota — Shattered masses of greenstone — Immense valleys — 

 Mines — State of miners — Santiago — Hot baths of Cauquenes — Gold 

 mines — Grinding mills — Perforated stones — Habits of puma — EI turco 

 and tapacolo — Humming-birds .... 308 



CHAPTER XV. 



Chiloe — General aspect — Boat excursion — Native Indians — Castro — 

 Large leaves of Gunnera scabra — Tame fox — Ascend San Pedro — 

 Chonos Archipelago — Peninsula of Tres Montes — Granitic range — 

 Lowe's Harbour — Wild potato — Forest — Formation of peat — Myopo- 

 tamus, otter and mice — Cheucau and barking-bird — Furnarius — Singu- 

 lar character of ornithology — Petrels . . . 333 



CHAPTER XVI. 



San Carlos, Chiloe — Osorno in eruption — Ride to Castro and Cucao — 

 Impenetrable forests — Valdivia — Apple-trees — Ride to Llanos — In- 

 dians — Earthquake — Concepcion — Great earthquake — Effects of wave 

 — Rocks fissured — Appearance of the former towns — Water in the bay 

 black and boiling — Direction of vibration — Stones displaced — Cause of 

 great waves — Permanent elevation of land — Great lake of fluid rock 

 beneath crust of the globe — Connexion of volcanic phenomena — Slow 

 elevation of mountain chains, cause of earthquakes . . 356 



