CONTENTS. 



xiii 



CHAPTER XVII. 

 Valparaiso — Passage of Andes by Portillo pass — Sagacity of mules — 

 Mountain torrents — Mines, how discovered — Marine alluvium in val- 

 leys — Effect of snow on surface — Geology, fossil shells, double range, 

 two periods of elevation — Red snow — Winds on the crest — Snow thaw- 

 ing in pinnacles — Dry and clear atmosphere — Electricity — Pampas — 

 Zoology of opposite sides of Andes — Uniformity of Patagonia — Locusts 

 — Great bugs — Mendoza — Uspallata — Silicified trees in vertical posi- 

 tion — Indian ruins — Change of climate — Earthquake arching bed of 

 river — Cumbre — Valparaiso. .... 382 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

 Bell mountain — Miners — Great 'loads carried by the Apires— -Coquimbo 

 — Earthquake — Geology — Terraces — Excursion up valley — Road to 

 Guasco — Desert country — Valley of Copiapo — -Rain and earthquakes, 

 Meteorolites — Hydrophobia— Copiapo — Excursion to Cordillera — Dry 

 valley — Cold gales of wind — Noises from a hill — Iquique, complete 



desert — Salt alluvium — Nitrate of soda — Lima — Unhealthy country 



Ruins of Callao, overthrown by earthquake — Elevated shells on island 

 of San Lorenzo — Plain with embedded fragments of pottery . 416 



CHAPTER XIX. 



Galapagos Islands volcanic — Number of craters — Leafless bushes — Colony 

 at Charles Island — James Island — Salt-lake in crater — Character of 

 vegetation — Ornithology, curious finches — Great tortoises, habits of, 

 paths to the wells — >Iarine lizard feeds on sea-weed — Terrestrial species, 

 burrowing habits, herbivorous — Importance of reptiles in the Archi- 

 pelago — Few and minute insects — American type of organization — Spe- 

 cies confined to certain islands — Tameness of birds — Falkland Islands 

 — Fear of man an acquired instinct. . . . 453 



CHAPTER XX. 



Tahiti — Aspect of — Vegetation on the slope of the mountains — View of 

 Eimeo — Excursion in the interior — Profound ravines — Succession of 

 waterfalls — Number of wild useful plants — Temperance of inhabitants 

 — Their moral state — Parliament convened — New Zealand — Bay of 

 islands — Hippahs — Absence of all government — Excursion to Waimate 



— Missionary establishment — EngUsh weeds now run wild — Waiomio 



Funeral service — Sail from New Zealand . , . 479 



CHAPTER XXI. 

 Sydney — Prosperity of — Excursion to Bathurst — Aspect of woods — Party 

 of Natives — Gradual extinction of aborigines — Blue Mountains — 

 Weatherboard — View of a grand gulf-like valley — Sheep farm — Lion- 

 ant — Bathurst, general civility of lower orders — State of society — Van 



VOL. III. C 



