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INDIANA UNIVERSITY STUDIES 



as texts (as textbooks are generally used), 251 cases are found in 

 the eighth grade, 245 in the seventh, 207 in the sixth, 157 in the 

 fifth, thirty-one in the fourth, and four in the third. The ten- 

 dency to extend the use of the text downward through the grades 

 js very much in evidence. The abrupt drop from the fifth to the 

 fourth grade indicates that at present more emphasis is placed on 

 history in the four upper grades than in the four lower ones. It 

 is no doubt a safe prophesy to say that ten years hence the fourth 

 grade will stand in the same relation to the fifth as the fifth now 

 strinds to the sixth. The following summary shows the combina- 

 tions found and the prevalence of each in respect to the use of 

 textbooks in each grade: Three systems use a text in the eighth 

 grade only; three in 7 A and eighth; forty-two in seventh and 

 eighth; three in 6A, seventh and eighth; forty- three in sixth, 

 seventh and eighth; twenty-six in fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and 

 eighth ; thr'ee in third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth ; 

 three in fifth, seventh and eighth ; one in fifth, sixth and eighth ; 

 one in sixth and eighth; one in fourth, sixth and eighth; one in 

 sixth and seventh; one in fifth, sixth and seventh; four in fifth 

 and sixth ; one in third, fourth, fifth and sixth. Two use as sup- 

 plementary readers in grades III, lY, and Y; one in grades lY 

 and Y ; one in III and lY ; one in YI and 7B ; one in YI ; one in 

 y and YI ; one in II, III, and lY ; and one in grade Y. 



This f:ummary brings out the fact that four arrangements in- 

 clude Ihe great majority of the cases. The use in grades Y, YI, 

 YJI and YlII leads witli 117 systems; YI, YII, and YIII follows 

 with forty-seven; while YII and YIII come next with forty-two. 

 The rather large number of systems with books used in grades lY, 

 Y, YI, YII, and YIII is an evidence of the tendency to extend 

 the use of the text toward the lower grades. 



The above material, when rearranged on the basis of a single 

 grade, shows that but few systems use the text in the hands of 

 the pupils below the fifth grade. The occurrence of the text- 

 book requirement by grades in the 259 schools and school systems 

 reporting are: first grade, 0; second grade, 0; third grade, four; 

 fourth grade, thirty-one ; fifth grade, 157 ; sixth grade, 209 ; seventh 

 grade, 246; eighth grade, 251. It is evident from these figures 

 that in general the four higher grades use a history text, while 

 the w^ork in the four lower grades is done mthout a text in the 

 hands of the pupils. 



Notebook Requirements. Two hundred and fifty-one answers 

 gave data on notebook requirements, Of this number 106 say 



