46 



Indiana University Studies 



GRADES 



Defective school 

 Special school . 



NUMBER OF CASES 



1 

 1 



34 

 37 

 35 

 33 

 22 

 20 

 17 

 22 



1 grade 



2 grade 



3 grade 



4 grade 



5 grade 



6 grade 



7 grade 



8 grade 



Total 



222 



The average grade for these 222 cases is estimated from 

 these figures to be the third grade. Considering that the age 

 average is ten years, this grade average indicates only a 

 sHght degree of retardation. The responsibihty of watching 

 the physical condition of the school children is thrown chiefly 

 on the school nurses, tho attending physicians visit the schools 

 at specified intervals. The school nurse is overworked with 

 eye and ear, nose and throat cases needing prompt attention, 

 so that only rarely does she have time to look after the wel- 

 fare of non -acute crippled cases. These cases should be 

 segregated and receive special care. 



Special SchoolSc The solution of the problem of the 

 cripple and his education lies in the establishment of special 

 schools. Abroad special schools for cripples were organized 

 long before they were considered in the United States.^ By 

 the middle of the nineteenth centurj^ Germany had established 

 a system of educational and industrial training schools. In 

 1872 Denmark established the model European School in 

 Copenhagen, with a curriculum of academic schooling, in- 

 dustrial training, physical treatment, recreational outing, and 

 resident home for out-of-town cases. In Sweden, a system 

 was evolved whereby the school teachers visited the homes 

 of the crippled children after school hours and gave them 

 instruction at that time. In 1886 Great Britain began to de- 

 velop a special school system for her crippled, and made rapid 

 strides, till in 1900 special schools under the National Board 

 of Education became a part of the regular school system. 



In the United States, the first special school for cripples 

 was established in Boston in 1893 — an industrial school for 



5 Munroe's Encyclopedia, Vol. II, pp. 230-234. 



