MAKING A VINEYARD. 



335 



trimming. This system has been steadily growing in 

 favor here for several years past, and wherever it has 

 been adopted instead of the " four-arm " or Kniffin plan, 

 it has proved advantageous without, to my knowledge, a 

 single exception. Since spraying has become a necessity, 

 the greater convenience of doing the work under this 

 system has been so manifest as to induce a large propor- 

 tion of our growers to adopt it. In this system two arms 

 are left for the top wire, 

 each having ten or twelve 

 buds, the arms being about 

 four feet long and extend- 

 ing along the top wire. It 

 has been found beneficial 

 to wind the arm around the 

 wire two or three times, 

 which checks the down- 

 ward flow of sap and aids 

 fruit-development. T h e 

 arms should not be so long 

 as to touch those of adjoin- 

 ing vines, as this would, 

 cause a mass of tangled 

 growth at that point, unless 

 the buds or shoots were 

 pruned away. A space of 

 a foot is not too much to 

 leave between the tips of 

 the arms. One or both of 

 these arms may be brought 

 down to the lower wire, as 

 shown in fig. 5 ; but this 

 would detract from conve- 

 nience in spraying, with no 

 corresponding advantages 

 of an increased yield of 

 even an inferior quality of 

 grapes. Let me say here 

 that a theoretical objection 

 to this system advanced by 

 some — that after a few 

 years the vine would be- 

 come worthless, for the 

 reason that the arm left for 

 fruiting would necessarily 

 be further removed from 

 the main vine each year — 

 has no foundation in prac- 

 tice, as new shoots are pro- 

 duced near to or out of the 

 main vine sufficient for this 

 purpose. A greater consid- 

 eration than convenience in spraying is the fact that 

 better grapes are produced with less work in trimming 

 and tying by this system than by the "four-arm " plan. 

 — Ward. D. Gunn. 



AN OHIO expert's METHOD. 



I. Personally, here in Delaware county, Ohio, I prefer 



to propagate grape vines from single eyes, and grow them 

 in cold greenhouses the first season. For m}' own use I 

 prefer vines so grown to any others. The objection to 

 this mode is the expense. It does not pay to grow any 

 except the new and high-priced varieties in this way. 

 2. I have cuttings both for out door and under-glass plant- 

 ing made in autumn soon after the fall of the leaves and 

 perfect maturity of the wood. 3. One- ,nnd a-half to two 



lYPSV-MOTH CATERPIL 



inches for single-eye cuttings, planted in sand-beds with 

 artificial bottom heat early in April. Nine to ten inches 

 in length, with two or three eyes, the bottom cut just 

 below the lower bud, for open-air planting. These are 

 planted in spring as early as the ground can be put in 

 good condition. 4. Fall planting for the south, or wher- 

 ever the winters are mild ; spring planting for northern 



