FRUIT AND VEGETABLE NOTES. 



353 



was more than offset by the waste through spilit berries 

 and the consequent extra time required to prepare the 

 whole for market. There was no gain in price from the 

 ten days' earliness. The Concord does not reach market 

 soon enough to command early prices. If, therefore, 

 there is nothing realized from the operation during the 

 same season, and there follows a loss of nearly or quite 

 50 per cent, in the value of the product in the succeeding 

 one, then it can only be commended for situations where 

 it is impossible to ripen the fruit naturally, and where, 

 after one season's girdling, the vines may be allowed a 

 year in which to recover through generous feeding and 

 entire abstinence from fruiting. — Dr. J.xbez Fisher. 

 JlJass. Expcrimoit Station. 



WHAT AXD WHEN TO SPRAY. 



/or the Apple. — Spray for the destruction of the spores 

 of the apple-scab and leaf-blight with sulphate of copper, 

 I pound to 25 gallons of water ; or sulphate of iron, i 

 pound to 2 gallons of water. For the destruction of the 

 tent caterpillar, canker-worm and bud-moth use the Bor- 

 deaux mixture, one-half the strength of the old formula, 

 with Paris green, 1 pound to 150 gallons of mixture, just 

 before the blossoms unfold ; and the same for the codling- 

 moth as soon as the petals have fallen. Make a third 

 application of the Bordeaux mixture and Paris green in 

 about two weeks from the time the petals fall, if there 

 have been heavy rains since the last application. Then 

 use the ammoniacal carbonate of copper (formula : 6 

 ounces of carbonate of ammonia and i ounce of carbon- 

 ate of copper), I pound to 50 gallons of water, at intervals 

 of from 2 to 4 weeks, according to the weather, until the 

 middle of August. We would recommend the trial of 

 sulphate of copper, i pound to 500 and 800 gallons of 

 water, after the middle of June. Should no rain occur 

 after the use of any fungicide or insecticide, no further 

 application need be made until it does rain ; but if the in- 

 terval has been long, spraying should immediately follow 

 a heavy rain. 



For the Pear. — For scab, leaf-blight, cracking of the 

 fruit and codling-moth the same treatment should be 

 given as for the apple, except that no Paris green need 

 be used till after the petals have fallen, and only two 

 applications of that need be made. If the pear psylla 

 should appear, spray the trees thoroughly with the kero- 

 sene emulsion, i part to 20 parts of water. Dr. Jabez 

 Fisher's formula for this emulsion is one-half pound of 

 common yellow or rosin soap dissolved in a gallon of 

 boiling water, to which is added 2 gallons of kerosene, 

 and the whole churned together by means of the hydro- 

 sprayer or other syringe for from 3 to 5 minutes, produc- 

 ing an emulsion and separating the kerosene into minute 

 globules, the whole looking somewhat like whipped cream. 



For the Plum. — We would advise the same treatment 

 as given to the apple and pear for the plum leaf -blight, the 

 black-wart and the fruit-rot. For the plum-curculio use 

 Bordeaux mixture, one-half strength, with Paris green, 

 I pound to 200 gallons. One application of the ammon- 

 iacal carbonate of copper should be made after the middle 



of August, to prevent the rotting of the fruit and the leaf- 

 blight. 



For the Peach. — To destroy the plum-curculio, spray 

 with the Bordeaux mixture, one-fourth strength, and 

 Paris green, i pound to 200 gallons. For the fruit-rot, 

 spray with the ammoniacal carbonate of copper, i pound 

 to 50 gallons of water. Try the sulphate of copper, i 

 pound to 1,000 gallons of water for the fruit-rot. 



For the Grape. — Spray with the concentrated solution 

 of sulphate of copper every part of the vines and trellis 

 before the buds unfold. Just before the blossom-buds 

 unfold, spray with Bordeaux mixture, one-half strength, 

 with Paris green, i pound to 100 gallons. As soon as the 

 petals have fallen, spray again with the same ; then at 

 intervals of about two weeks use the ammoniacal carbon- 

 ate of copper, I pound to 25 gallons. Try the sulphate 

 of copper, I pound to 500 and 800 gallons of water, at 

 the same intervals. 



For Blackberry and Raspberry. — For the anthrac- 

 nose of blackcaps and the yellow-rust of the blackberry, 

 use the concentrated solution of sulphate of copper be- 

 fore the buds open. Then spray with the Bordeaux 

 mixture, one-half strength, or the ammoniacal carbonate 

 of copper, before the blossom-buds unfold and two or 

 three times after the fruit has been gathered, at intervals 

 of two or three weeks. The first disease attacks the 

 canes principally, and more attention in spraying should 

 be given to them than to the leaves. 



For the Strazt'berry. — Spray with the Bordeaux mix- 

 ture, one-half strength, and Paris green, i pound to loO' 

 gallons, for the leaf-blight and " spotted paria, " as soon 

 as growth begins in the spring. Just before the blossoms 

 open use the Bordeaux mixture same strength, but no 

 Paris green. After the fruit has been gathered, Paris 

 green and Bordeaux mixture should be used if the bed is 

 to be carried through another season. 



For the Potato. — As soon as the larvae of the potato- 

 beetle begin to appear, spray with the Bordeaux mixture, 

 one-half strength, and Paris green, 1 pound to 100 gal- 

 lons. Use the same mixture as often as they appear in 

 sufficient numbers to be injurious. If the weather should 

 be warm and moist, applications of the Bordeaux mix- 

 ture, one-half strength, should be made at intervals of 

 from one to three weeks after the vines have blossomed. 

 Or use the ammoniacal carbonate of copper, i pound to 

 50 gallons of water, and spray even if there are no larvse 

 present. The sulphate of copper, i pound to 500 gallons, 

 should also be tried on a small scale to test its value. — 

 Prof. S. T. Maynard, Mass. Experiment Station. 



FIGHTING THE CABBAGE-MAGGOT. 



Last season my cabbage and cauliflower plants were 

 set out on sod-ground which had been plowed the previ- 

 ous autumn. They were stocky plants, grew well from 

 the first, and the field of four thousand cabbages and 

 cauliflowers looked quite promising. 



One warm day, however, I found many of the plants 

 wilted. I knew at once that the white grubs were work- 

 ing in the stems and roots, and that unless heroic meas- 



