190S.] 



BIRDS. 



405 



li." On Franklin's second northern jonrney the bird was noted at 

 Fort Franklin about the last of October, 1825.'^ Simpson noted its 

 presence at Fort Confidence in the winter of 1837-38.^ Armstrong 

 relates that a pair of ravens passed the winter of 1850-51, in spite of 

 the weeks of darkness, near the winter quarters of the Investigator^ in 

 Prince of AVales Strait. The}^ were several times seen during the 

 winter, but toward spring one of the birds disappeared, probably 

 having been killed by some animal.^ He mentions also seeing a raven 

 near Prince Alfred Cape, Banks Land, September 10, 1851.^ During 

 the voyage of the Enter jn-ise^ Collinson noted two ravens November 

 13. 1852, at Cambridge Bay, Victoria Land.'^ Ross recorded the 

 sj^ecies as being abundant in the Mackenzie River region north to the 

 Arctic coast, as wintering, and as having been taken at Fort Simp- 

 son.^^ MacFarlane* found it abundant on Anderson and Lockhart 

 rivers, and discovered a number of nests, usually built in trees. In 

 P'ebruary and March, 1865, a raven became semidomesticated at Fort 

 Anderson.'' Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway state that the species was 

 obtained at Fort Resolution, Fort Rae, Big Island, and Fort Simp- 

 son ; ' a specimen was received also from Fort Liard. Russell took 

 the species at Fort Smith and Fort Rae, finding it a rare winter 

 resident at the latter place, and observed it on the Arctic coast be- 

 tween the mouth of the Mackenzie and Herschel Island.-'' Macoun 

 records 5 eggs taken on Artillery" Lake, May 24, 1900, by C. Fair- 

 child;'- and J. AV. Tyrrell mentions a nest of young found at the 

 same place on May 2G.' 



In the early autumn of 1895, J. Alden Loring saw several pairs in 

 the Rocky Mountains of western Alberta. During the summer of 

 1890, he saw several in the foothills of the Rockies in the same region. 

 He observed the species also in the mountains between Jasper House 

 and Smoky River in the early autumn, and about the middle of 

 October saw two individuals above timberline in the mountains west 

 of Henry House. 



" Narrative .Journey to Polar Sea, p. 315, 1S28. 

 '''Narrative Second Exi)e(lition to Polar Sea, ]). GO, 1S2S. 

 '^Narrative Discoveries vw Nortli Coast of America, p. 21(1, 1S43. 

 ^.Narrative Discovery Northwest I'assaj^e, p. 21)0, 18">7. 



Ibid., p. 427, 18.17. 

 / .Journal of H. M. S. Enterprise, p. 247, 1889. 

 i/Nat. Hist. liev., II (second ser.), \). 283, 1802. 

 '»Proc. r. S. Nat. Mns., NIV, p. 431), 1891. 

 ^ Hist. N. A. Birds, Land Birds, II, p. 230, 1874. 

 j Expl. in Far North, p. 20.5, 1898. 



Cat. Canadian Birds, Part II, p. 385, 1903. 

 ^.Ann. Kept. Dept. Interior (Canada) for 1900-1901, p. 137, 1902. 



