LOWER LIAS. 



characterised palaeontological horizons in the Cote-d'Or, and contains the richest and most 

 varied fauna. Limited to two or three yards in thickness, this deposit appears to cor- 

 respond to a period of animalisation of admirable fecundity. It is from these that we 

 have collected the charming fauna which we last year indicated, and which has such inti- 

 mate relations with the Hettangian fauna described by M. Terquem." From this zone M. 

 Martin has collected and catalogued — 1 Ichtliyosaums, 1 Ichthyodoruliie, 10 sp. of 

 Cephalopoda, 63 sp. of Gasteropoda, 77 sp. of Co7icMfera, 5 sp, of BraoJiiopoda, 4 sp. of 

 UcJdnodermata, 10 sp. of Anthozoa, 3 sp. Annelida, and the debris of Crustacea. In the 

 department of the Moselle M. Terquem'^ has catalogued 177 species from the same zone. 

 Ammonites angulahis, Schloth., is found between Charmouth and Lyme Regis, in dark 

 shale, below the gray concretionary limestone, with a mammillated surface, and likewise in 

 the same strata south-west of the Cob. From these beds I have collected the different varieties 

 of this Ammonite which have been figured by d'Orbigny under the names Moreanus, 

 catenatus, and Charmassei, all of which I regard only as so many different forms of 

 Ammonites angulatus, Schloth. 



This zone was well exposed in the Harbury cutting of the Great Western Railway, 

 near Warwick, although very few Mollusca besides Ammonites angulatus were obtained 

 therefrom ; on the spoil banks, even now, some good fragments are occasionally found. 

 On the coast of Yorkshire it occurs near Redcar, where small specimens of this shell, 

 under the local name Ammonites Bedcarensis, are collected from the clay. In Gloucester- 

 shire I have seen small specimens, which were found near Aust and near Gloucester. 

 This zone is likewise exposed in the north of Ireland, in the remarkable Lias district 

 near Portrush. 



3. The Zone of Ammonites Bucklandi, or the Lima-Beds. 



Synonyms. — " Blue Lias," William Smith, ' Memoir to the Map,' 1815. " Blue Lias 

 Limestone," De la Beche, ' Geol. Trans.,' vol. ii, 2nd series, 1829. " Gryphiten-Kalkstein,'' 

 Alberti, 'Die Gebirge des Konig,' Wiirtemberg, p. 121, 1826. " Liaskalk,'' Mandelsloh, 

 'Geol. Profile der schwabisch,' Alpen, p. 28, 1834. " Calcaire a Gryphee arquee" (pars), 

 Dufrcnoy et de Beaumont, ' Mem. Soc. Geol. de France,' 1830. " Gres de Luxembourg 

 (pars, sup.),'' Omalius d'Halloy. " Gres de Luxembourg," Dewalque, Descrip. du Lias 

 de la Luxembourg, p. 28, 1857. " Plagiostoma-beds, Lower Lias,'' Murchison, ' Geol. of 

 Cheltenham,' 2nded., p. 49, 1845. " Arietenkalk," Quenstedt, 'Der Jura,' Table, p. 293, 

 1857. "Die Schichten des Ammonites Bucklandi," Oppel, ' Juraformation,' p. 35, 1856. 

 " Zone of Ammonites Bucklandi" Wright, ' Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc.,' vol. xvi, p. 398. 



The zone of Ammonites Bucklandi (or Lima-heA^) forms an important subdivision of 

 the Lower Lias. This series attains a great development in the midland counties and in 



^ ' Paleontologie du departement de la Moselle,' p. 12, 1855. 



