OF FOREST-TREES. 



287 



even that colour be not always the best character : That which comes CH. XXII. 

 from Bergen, Swinsund, Mott, Langland, Dranton, &c, (which expe- "'"^^y*-^ 

 rienced workmen call the Dram,) being long, straight, and clear, of a 

 yellow and more cedary colour, is esteemed much before the white for 

 flooring and wainscot ; for masts, &c. those of Prussia, which we call 

 Spruce and Norway, especially from Gottenberg, and about Riga, are the 



"them a shake in a coarse sieve, which will occasion a considerable quantity of seed 

 " to fall from them, especially if this operation be performed in the middle of the day, for 

 " the morning and evening dews contract the cones, and prevent their parting with the 

 " seed. As soon as the cones are removed from their beds, let the seed be covered with 

 " a little fine mould, which should be sifted about a quarter of an inch thick over every 

 "part. Should the weather become hot and dry, a few gentle waterings will greatly 

 " promote the growth of the young plants. After this, nothing more will be required but 

 " keeping the beds clear of weeds. The cones may be removed from the second to a third 

 " bed, and great success has ever been had upon a fourth bed. No time can be fixed for 

 " the laying of the cones upon the beds ; it depends entirely upon the dryness and warmth 

 " of the weather." 



And here it will be necessary to remark, that a plentiful stock of seed is absolutely ne- 

 cessary, in order to obtain a full crop of plants ; for when these stand thin on the ground, 

 they are very liable to be thrown out by the frost in the first winter. A full crop should 

 rise like a brush ; the roots will then be matted together, forming a tough bed that will resist 

 the severest winter. Plants raised in the manner here recommended, rise with e-reater vigour 

 than those sown in the common way ; from which it appears that the seed of the Larch, 

 and probably we may say, of all the Pine tribe, decreases in its vegetative power, after it has 

 been taken from the cones. And it is not improbable but that keeping the cones dri/ during 

 the winter, may be productive of the same bad effect. 



Mr. Speechly has not the least doubt but that the various kinds of Firs and Pines may 

 be raised in the same easy and profitable manner ; though his experiments have hitherto 

 been confined to the Larch. 



12. PINUS fcANADENSisJ folUs soUtariis linearibus obtusiusculis submembranaceis. 

 Lin. Sp. PI. 1421. Abies foliis solitariis confertis obtusis membranaceis. Gron, V'irg. J 91. 

 The CANADA spruce fir. 



This is a native of North America. It grows on the mountains and higher lands, and arrives 

 at a considerable size. The varieties are : the White Canada Spruce, the Red Canada 

 Spruce, and the Black Canada Spruce. These only differ in the colour of their cones, which 

 are small. 



This GENUS of plants belongs to the class and order Monoecia Monadelphia, there being 

 male and female flowers on the same plant, and the stamina joined in one body, at their 

 base. These twelve species flower in the months of April and May. The male flowers 

 are collected in conic bunches, and the females in close cones, which grow into the real 

 cones, containing the seeds. 



