GEOIvOGY OF IvA SAIyl^E COUNTY. 



125 



for lung- troubles. In Africa another lichen, Ivecanora 

 esculenta, which gfrows on arid, sandy plains, is an 

 article of food for man and beast. The Arctic travel- 

 ers have often owed their lives to the rock lichen (Um- 

 bilicaria). In Japan are Kndocarpon, and the same 

 may be found on rocks at Covell creek and elsewhere, 

 is an article of diet. Prior to the advance in chemistry 

 thousands in Europe obtained a livelihood by collecting- 

 certain lichens for coloring- dyes. Lecanora tartarea 

 (also found in the United States) was one of these. 

 There are several in our county, as Parmelia, contain- 

 ing valuable dyes, but enough has been shown to prove 

 the usefulness of even the lowdy lichen, and the g-reat- 

 ness and goodness of their Creator. 



SERIES I. GYMNOCARPI. 



TRIBK I. PARMELIACEI. USNEEI. 



RAMAIvINA. (Ach.) De Not. Thallus fruticu- 

 lose, or pendulous, subcompressed, pale-green- 

 ish; apothecia scattered, or marginal, scutellse- 

 form. Spores colorless, bilocular. 



R. calicaris, (L.) Fr. Thallus tufted, rather rig-- 

 idlongitudinally lacunose, apothecia flatfish. 

 Spores ellipsoid. On oaks and old fences. 

 Deer Park and elsewhere. 



R. calicaris, Fr., var. fraxinea, Fr. Thallus wide 

 and long-lobed, apothecia lateral. On oaks and 

 old fences. Deer Park. 



R. calicaris, Fr., var. fastig-iata, Fr. Lobes short, 

 often straw-colored, crowded, branched, apoth- 

 ecia terminal, subfastigiate. This is the most 

 abundant species of the genus. Occurs through 

 out the county on oak and hickory trees. 



