124 



NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA 73 



(Sec. 4, T. 30 N.. R. 17 W.), and along the Apple River near Amery, Polk 

 County (Sec. 8, T. 32 N., R. 17 W.). Expansion along streams that are tribu- 

 tary to the St. Croix River in Washington County has also been observed. 



Habitat: Characteristic species of mature tracts of Lowland Deciduous 

 Forest along the St. Croix and its tributaries. Several breeding pairs located 

 along the Lower Kinnickinnic River, Pierce County, in 1976 were using 

 medium-aged Southern Deciduous Forest that was dominated by white oak 

 and Hill's oak. The territories occupied by five pairs in 1976 and seven pairs 

 in 1977 along the Willow River were associated with sapling cottonwood and 

 green ash in the Lowland Forest. Three nests were placed from 2.1 to 6.1 m 

 above the ground in young green ash trees. 



Golden-crowned Kinglet {Regulus satrapa] 

 Status: Regular migrant and winter resident. 



Migration: Fairly common migrant throughout the Valley. Spring migrants 

 arrive in the Western Upland 15-25 March, reaching the Northern Highland 

 25-30 March. Peak abundance through the Valley occurs 5-25 April and de- 

 parture by 15 May. Green and Janssen (1975) stated that the St. Croix River 

 Valley can be included in this species" breeding range in Minnesota, al- 

 though there are no breeding records to support this. Fall migrants arrive in 

 the Northern Highland in mid-September, reaching the Western Upland 

 25 September to 1 October. Peak fall abundance occurs 15 October to 1 No- 

 vember and most have departed by 1 December. 



Winter: Uncommon to rare and local winter resident in the Western Upland, 

 casual in the Northern Highland where several late December records have 

 been obtained. 



Habitat: During migration and winter, this species is most commonly ob- 

 served in coniferous communities and occasionally in Lowland Deciduous 

 Forest. Most important among coniferous habitats are Pine Plantations and 

 Lowland Coniferous Forest dominated by black spruce, balsam fir, and 

 hemlock. 



Ruby-crowned Kinglet [Regulus calendula) 



Status: Regular migrant, casual summer and early winter resident. 



Migration: Common spring and fall migrant throughout the Valley. Spring 

 migrants arrive in the Western Upland 5-10 April, reaching the Northern 

 Highland by 15 April. Peak abundance occurs 1-10 May and departure by 

 25 May. A female collected at St. Croix Falls, Polk County, on 22 May 1919, 

 was considered a migrant (Jackson 1943). Fall migrants arrive in the North- 

 ern Highland 1-10 September, reaching the Western Upland about 10 Sep- 

 tember (earhest— 23 August 1963. St. Croix County). Peak fall abundance 

 occurs 25 September to 10 October and departure by 30 October. 



Nesting Season Distribution: There are no documented nest records in the 

 Valley. Green and Janssen (1975) showed that the breeding range of this 



