176 



NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA 73 



Pine Plantations. Deciduous Clear Cuts and brushy openings in Jack Pine 

 Barrens are used in the Northern Highland. 



Harris' Sparrow {Zonotrichia querula) 

 Status: Regular migrant, one winter record. 



Migration: Rare spring and uncommon fall migrant in the Western Upland 

 and Central Plain, casual in the Northern Highland. Spring migrants arrive 

 in the Western Upland 1-5 May and are most frequently observed 

 10-20 May, departing by 25 May. Fall migrants arrive 20 September to 

 1 October. Peak fall migration occurs 10-20 October and departure by 

 30 October (latest— 2 November 1968, St. Croix County). 



Winter: One bird was recorded on the Afton CBC (Washington County) on 

 1 January 1974 (Eckert 1974). On 4, 8, and 11 April 1967 S. D. Robbins ob- 

 served one at Roberts, St. Croix County, that he suspected of overwintering 

 somewhere in the area. 



Habitat: Primarily a species of brushy edges of fields and hedgerows. Ob- 

 servations of Harris' sparrows indicate that they migrate in close asso- 

 ciation with white-crowned sparrows. 



White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) 

 Status: Regular migrant, one winter record. 



Migration: Uncommon migrant throughout the Valley. Spring migrants 

 arrive in the Western Upland 25 April to 1 May (earUest— 2 April 1961, St. 

 Croix County), reaching the Northern Highland 1-5 May (earUest— 20 April 

 1954, Burnett County). Peak spring migration occurs 10-25 May and de- 

 parture by 30 May (latest— 11 June 1953, Burnett County; Besadny 1953). 

 Fall migrants arrive 5-10 September. Peak fall migration occurs 15-20 Sep- 

 tember and departure 25 September to 10 October. 



Winter: One white-crowned sparrow was observed at a feeder in Luck, Polk 

 County, on 23 December 1957 (Lound and Lound 19586). 



Habitat: Edges of deciduous woods that support a brushy under story, 

 brushy edges of retired agricultural fields, hedgerows, and ornamental 

 plantings in residential areas. 



White-throated Sp£UTOw {Zonotrichia alhicollis) 



Status: Regular migrant, nesting species, and winter resident. 



Migration: Abundant migrant throughout the Valley. The white-throated 

 sparrow is second only to the song sparrow in abundance during migration. 

 Spring migrants arrive in the Western Upland 1-10 April and the Northern 

 Highland by 15 April. Peak spring migration occurs 20 April to 10 May and 

 departure from nonbreeding areas occurs by 25 May. Fall migration begins 

 in the Northern Highland in late August and the first birds reach the West- 



