234 



NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA 74 



calves that were captured alive near Gambell in May showed signs of nasal 

 congestion (frequent expulsion of yellowish to greenish mucous from the nares); 

 another developed such a condition after four days of confinement in an outdoor 

 pen. One of these calves, with unusually foul-smelling breath and watery stools 

 at the time of capture, died within 24 h with acute, nonspecific congestive 

 pneumonia. Three of the calves apparently were cured by intra-muscular 

 injections of wide-spectrum antibiotics; the fifth calf apparently overcame the 

 condition spontaneously, after about 3 days confinement in an artificially heated 

 room. 



Subdermal Bullae 



Eskimos at Barrow in 1970 killed an adult female that had virtually no 

 blubber. In the hypodermal layer, however, were numerous fluid-filled cysts up 

 to 1.5 cm in diameter (Fig. 133). A piece of the skin with the cysts in place was 

 forwarded to R. L. Rausch, who determined histologically that these cysts 

 (bullae) were epidermal invaginations. Presumably, they were inflammatory 

 responses to a microbiological agent. 



Fig. 133. Subdermal bullae in the blubber of an adult female walrus taken at Barrow, 

 Alaska. View of inner surface of the blubber with some superficial muscles (dark areas) 

 in place. Rounded nodules in the blubber are fluid-filled cysts lined with a single layer of 

 epithelial cells, apparently derived from the epidermis. Scale in centimeters. (Photo by 

 G. C. Kelley) 



Leptospirosis and San Miguel Sea Lion Virus 



Serum samples from 55 walruses taken in the Pribilof wintering area during 



