60 



NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA 75 



Lonchophylla robusta 

 Panama Long-tongued Bat 



Panama long-tongued bats occur from Nicaragua to Peru (Fig. 44). This 

 monotypic species normally is found in forested habitats, but it also occurs in 

 agricultural areas. They are known to roost in caves in colonies that can be fairly 

 sizable (Handley 1966). Food items include pollen, nectar, fruit, and insects (Gard- 

 ner 1977). Nothing is known of the reproductive cycle, although we collected a 

 pregnant female in April in Braulio Carrillo. 



The first Costa Rican specimens were collected by J. De Abate in 1956 (Walton 

 1963). The first specimens from the Caribbean lowland were reported by Arm- 

 strong (1969) from Los Diamantes near Guapiles. LaVal and Fitch (1977) reported 

 12 from La Selva. We located a roost under a jumble of huge boulders along a 

 stream near the 700-m campsite in Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo. All our 

 specimens were captured in mist nets set across the stream just above the roost, 

 except for a single individual netted in the forest near 1,000 m. 



Bat flies collected from Lonchophylla robusta include Anastrebla nycteridis 

 (5 males, 4 females), Eldunnia breviceps (1 male), and Trichobius lonchophyllae 

 (6 males, 4 females). 



Specimens examined (16)— 7.3 mi SE of Puerto Viejo [2 males, 2 females, 

 TTU]; 1 km S, 11.5 km E of San Miguel, 680 m [3 males, 4 females, USNM; 

 1 male, 3 females, UNA]; 3.5 km S, 11.5 km E of San Miguel, 1,000 m [1 male, 

 USNM]. 



Additional records— Finca La Selva, 3 km S of Puerto Viejo [MSB]. 



Subfamily Carollinae 



Carollia brevicauda 

 Silky Short-tailed Bat 



Silky short-tailed bats are distributed from San Luis Potosi, Mexico, to south- 

 eastern Brazil (Fig. 45). Carollia brevicauda is a monotypic species. 



This bat is much more common in second growth and disturbed habitats than 

 in primary forest. Roosts are known from caves, tunnels, hollow trees, and culverts 

 (Pine 1972). A variety of fruits and some insects are consumed by these bats (Gard- 

 ner 1977). They exhibit the bimodal polyestrous reproductive pattern common to 

 many phyllostomids (Wilson 1979). 



This species was hidden in the synonymy of C. perspicillata until the work 

 of Pine (1972). It frequently has been confused with that species and. in many 

 areas especially at higher elevations, actually may be much more common than 

 C. perspicillata. This is the case at La Selva, where LaVal and Fitch (1977) cap- 

 tured 461 . In Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, it is reasonably common in disturbed 

 habitats up to about 700 m in elevation. Ectoparasites we collected from C. brevi- 

 cauda include two species of streblid bat flies. Speiseria ambigua ( 1 female) and 

 Trichobius joblingi (1 female). 



