BOOKS AND 



diminished returns, and are willing to devote the need- 

 ful care and labor, the following may be expected to 

 yield satisfactory results : Jessica, Lady, Early Victor, 

 Delaware, Brighton and Empire 

 Pres. Lyon's Seic- State, and on suitable soils and 

 tion of Graps. when the season will suffice to 



mature them, lona and Excel- 

 sior. For planters who require varieties which will 

 mainly ' ' take care of themselves, " and still yield at least 

 some returns, even though of lower quality : Lady, 

 Moore's Early, Worden, Hayes, Niagara, with Isabella 

 when the season will suffice to ripen it. For the market 

 grower who wishes to work for customers who value 

 quality and are able and willing to pay for it ; Early 

 Victor, Delaware, Brighton, Ulster. For growers for 

 average city or village customers who generally ' buy by 

 the eye' ; Moore's Early, Worden, Concord, Niagara.' 



Mr. Lyon thinks that Summer Doyenne, Clapp, Bart- 

 lett, Sheldon, Howell, Onondaga, Anjou and 

 Pears. Lawrence constitute a good list for "the av- 

 erage of small planters." His market list is 

 as follows : Summer Doyenne, Tyson, Sterling, Clapp, 

 Bartlett, Howell, Onondaga, Bosc, Anjou, Lawrence. 



Notes are made upon a variety of other fruits. 



Bulletin No. 33, Vol. H, Indiana Experiment Sta- 

 tion. Small Frmls. Kiitomologiial Noti'S. The Absorp- 

 tion Poiver of Soils. Pp. j2. Illnsti-atcd. Professor 

 Troop mentions the following ten varieties of strawber- 

 ries giving the highest yields : Bubach, Enhance, Hamp- 

 den, Jessie, Park Beauty, Cumberland, Green Prolific, 

 Haverland, Logan, Warfield. In a graphic chart of 

 "comparative yields of ten leading varieties," however, 

 the Haverland, Bubach, Jessie and 

 Small Fruits. Warfield are all represented as equal 

 in Indiana. in productiveness. The ten varieties 

 having best quality according to the 

 list are Black Defiance, Crawford, Gandy, Henderson, 

 Sharpless, Brunette, Cumberland, Haverland, Michel 

 and Warfield ; but according to the chart, Haverland, 

 Cumberland, Henderson and Sharpless stand at the 

 head. In the chart the Haverland stands at the head in 

 combination of productiveness and quality, yet the va- 

 riety is not mentioned in the list of five varieties of best 

 quality and greatest productiveness. We do not under- 

 stand these records. The following raspberries, cur- 

 rants and gooseberries are recommended: "Brandy- 

 wine and Cuthbert raspberries are two of the best red 

 varieties, the latter for late. Tyler is superior to all 

 cap raspberries. The currants. Fay, Moore's Ruby, 

 Wilder, Ruby Castle, Red Dutch, White Dutch, Lee's 

 Prolific, Crandall and Black Naples are recommended 

 in the order named. For farmers. Early Orange and 

 Downing gooseberries are recommended. 



"To prevent black-rot in grapes, dissolve two pounds 

 of sulphate of copper in two gallons of hot water. In 

 another vessel, dissolve two and one-half pounds of soda 

 carbonate, and mix the two solutions. After chemical 

 action is over, add one and one-half pints of ammonia, 

 and thin the whole to twenty-two gallons. Spray this 



BULLETINS. 61 



on the vines from time to time with a force pump, from 

 the time the berries are the size of small peas, till all 

 danger of rot is over. 



"For family use, the following grapes are recom- 

 mended for quality and productiveness : Concord, Del- 

 aware Goethe, Martha, Moore's Early, Wilder, Worden." 



Professor Webster has continued his observations con- 

 cerning the injury to fruits by curculio. He finds that 

 plum trees among apple trees will not at- 

 tract the curculio away from the apples. Curculio. 

 This is diametrically opposed to Profes- 

 sor Cook's statements from Michigan. He finds that 

 the variety of plum and apple whose blooming season 

 covers the greatest period of time will best withstand 

 the work of the curculio. 



' ' If anything is to be gained by using another fruit to 

 draw off the curculio and protect the plum, the nectarine 

 will probably serve as well as the apple." But we do 

 not believe that catch-plants will be found profitable in 

 large orchards. 



Notes are made upon some little known strawberry 

 and raspberry insects. 



Bulletin No. 7, Rhode Island Experiment Sta- 

 tion. Professor Kinney gives an 



extended tabulation of varieties .Rhode Island Fruits. 



of fruits in^this bulletin. The 



tables comprise habit of growth, description of fruit and 

 time of ripening. No lists for recommendation are 

 made. 



Bulletin No. 88, California Experiment Station. 

 The Use (if Fertilizers in California. By E. IF. Hilgard. 

 Pp. 4. At last California soils need fertilizing ! "The 

 fortieth anniversary of the admission of California into 

 the Union reminds us that she has ceased to be a strip- 

 ling. With this advance in dignity comes the inference 

 that, however fertile her soils, it is to be expected that 

 those long occupied, or heavily cropped, will now re- 

 quire serious care in order to keep up or restore pro- 

 duction. That this is really so is proved by the rapidly 

 increasing correspondence on the subject that is ad- 

 dressed to this station ; and to avoid the unnecessary re- 

 hearsal of general statements in each individual case, it 

 seems desirable to put in print for general information 

 what can be stated in a general way on 

 this subject. Of course, many individual Caiifornian 

 cases will still require special considera- Needs, 

 tion on account of peculiar conditions of 

 soil or location, for, in a great many instances, the 

 failure to produce satisfactory crops is not at all due to 

 soil exhaustion, but to improper physical conditions of 

 the sub-soils, unsuitable cultivation or irrigation, alkali, 

 etc. The fact that orchards and vineyards form costly 

 in\estments of much greater permanence than the 

 annual crops that occupy the vast majority of the cul- 

 tivated land east of the Rocky mountains, and the high 

 returns so often realized from them, has brought the 

 manure question forward here much earlier than has 

 usually been the case in the United States." 



