H'INDFALLS. 



finest heads in such a soil. The nature of the soil re- 

 quired, depends somewhat on the climate — if that is 

 perfect almost any soil will do, providing it is rich. 

 Otherwise the soil must be depended on to overcome as 

 far as possible the defect in climate. For this purpose 

 the soil should be deep and cool, and of a somewhat 

 loamy nature, in order to retain moisture. It ought not 

 to be heavy clay, for on such a soil the crop will be apt 

 to grow too late. 



Varieties. These differ mainly in earliness and in 

 the certainty with which they can be depended on to 

 head at a given time. Some varieties head fairly well 

 in hot weather, providing the soil is moist, but most 

 kinds either fail to head at all at such times or they 

 form inferior heads. All varieties head much the best 

 in cool damp weather when the soil is also moist. For 

 this reason varieties should be chosen which will head 

 at such a time. In this country, at the north, the spring 

 is so short that it is very difficult to get even the earliest 

 varieties to head before the hot weather comes on, and 

 on this account the fall crop is the most generally grown 

 at the north. For this crop the half-early sorts, such 

 as Early Paris, are most popular. These, if started at 

 the same time as late cabbage, and treated in the same 

 manner will, if the soil and weather are good, form 

 their heads during September and October. With pro- 

 fessional growers the extra early sorts, started in mid- 

 summer, are often used for a fall crop, but greater care 

 is required to start the plants so late in the season and 

 obtain a successful result. 



There are comparatively few portions of the country 

 exactly suited to the growth of cauliflower, but in 

 these localities it is quile as safely and easily grown as 

 cabbage. Among the most favorable localities yet dis- 

 covered are the north shore of Long Island, a few 

 places on the Great Lakes, one or two localities on the 

 Gulf of Mexico, and the Upper Pacific coast in the 

 neighborhood of Puget Sound. There are other sec- 

 tions but slightly superior to these, and indeed almost 

 everywhere that ordinary crops can be grown, there are 

 spots where the soil is such that in most seasons this 

 excellent vegetable can be grown successfully. — A. A. 

 Crozier, Michigan. ' --^ 



Moles. — In The American Garden for March the 

 experiments of Theodore Longnecker are given as 

 showing that moles do not eat vegetables, corn included. 

 I, with hundreds of farmers here, especially before the 

 advent of the corn planter, have found that in replant- 

 ing corn, wherever the mole passed through the hill, 

 the corn would be missing, and when it missed the hill, 

 the corn would be in place, the "runs'' often following 

 directly in the row for rods at a time. Now, we cannot 

 say that the mole ate the corn, but we will certainly hold 

 it responsible for disposing of it in some way, the cir- 

 cumstantial evidence in the case being rather conclusive, 

 as any one will admit. 



Yet I have never been able to poison moles in any 

 way tried, and am inclined to think that ordinarily they 

 do as much good as harm. — B. B., Sangamon Co., III. 



Gardening in the Ninth Century. — Below I give an 

 extract from a capitulary, supposed to be of Charle- 

 magne, at the beginning of the ninth century, stating 

 the herbs and trees he required to be cultivated in 

 his gardens. I think it will interest the readers of 

 The American Garden to see what herbs and fruits 

 were cultivated in the gardens of the wealthy i,ooo years 

 ago. The names are, many of them, in barbarous latin, 

 some of them I have not been able to identify. The 

 Emperor desired his servants to have in his gardens : 



Lilium Lily. 



Rosas Roses. 



FenigiEecum . . Fenugreek. 

 Costum . . .A bitter root. 

 Salviam .... Sage. 



Rutam Rue. 



Absotanum . .Southernwood. 

 Cucumeres . . Cucumbers, 

 Pepones .... Pumpkins. 



Sabinam . . 

 Anetum . . 

 Faniculum . 

 Intubas . . 

 Diptamnum 



, Savin. 

 . Dill. 

 . Fennel. 

 . Chicory. 

 Dittany. 



Sinapi Mustard 



Satureiam . . . Savory.. 



Cuciirbitas 



Faseolum . 

 Cuminum . 

 Rosmarinum 

 Carvum . . 

 Cicerum 1 1 a 1 i- 

 cum Chick Pea 



Gourds 



(squashes ?) 

 Kidney Beans. 

 Cumin. 

 Rosemary. 

 Carawav. 



Squillam . . . . 

 Gladiolum . . 

 Dragontea . . . 

 Anisuni . . . 

 Coloquiiitidas 

 Solsequium . 

 Ameum (Ami- 



Squills. 



Sedge. 



Tragacanth. 



Anise. 



Colocynth. 



Sunflower. 



Sisimbrium . 

 Mentam . . . 

 Mentastrum . 

 Tanaritam . . 

 Nepetam . . 

 Febrifugiam 

 Papaver . . , 

 Betas . . . 

 Vulgigina . . 

 Bismalvas, i. 



Alteas . . . 

 Maloas . . . 

 Carencas . 

 Pastinacas 

 Adripias .... ? 



Blitum Spinach. ? 



Ravacaulos . . Turnip Cabbage. 



Wateimint. 

 . Mint. 

 , Wild mint. 

 ? 



. Catnip. 

 . Centaurea. 

 . Poppy. 

 . Beets. 



Marshmallow. 

 , Mallows. 



Parsnip. 



urn ?) An umbelliferous Caulos 



plant like Cu- Uniones 



. Cabbage. 

 . Onions. 



min. 



Silum ? 



Lactucas . . . Lettuce. 



Git Roman C o r i 



ander. 



Erucam albam . Colewort. 

 Nasturtium . . Nasturtium. 



Monkis R h u 



Bardanam . 



Pulegium . 

 Olisatum 

 Petroselinum 

 Apium ... 

 Levisticum 



barb. 

 . Penny Royal. 



t 



Parsley. 

 . Celery. 

 . Lovage. 



Brittas ? 



Porros Leeks. 



Radices .... Radishes. 

 Ascalonicas . . Shallots. 



Cepas Gives. 



AUia Garlic. 



VVacentiam . . ? 

 Cardones . . . Artichokes. 

 Fabas magores Horse Beans. 

 Pisa maurisca . A kind of pea. 



Coriandrum 

 Cerefolium 

 Lacteridas . 

 Sclarejam . 



. Coriander. 

 , Chervil. 



And the gardener shall have at his house 

 Jovis burbam Silver-leaved wooa blade. 



Of trees, we desire that he shall have fruit trees of 

 different kinds : 



Prunarios diver- Avellanarios . 



SOS Plums, varieties Amandalarios 



Sorbarios . . . Service berries. Morarios 

 Mespilarios . . Medlars. Lauros . 



, Filberts. 

 . Almond trees. 

 . Mulberries. 

 . Laurels. 

 . Pine tiees. 

 Figs. 

 , Nuts. 



Pirarios diver- Piiios . . 



SOS Pears, varieties. Ficus . . 



Castanearios . Chestnuts. Nucarios 

 Persicarios d i- Ceresarios di- 



versi generis . Pears, varieties. versi generis . Varietiesof cher- 

 Cotoniarios . . Quinces. ries. 



Some of the names of apples. 

 Gormaringa. Crevedella. 

 Geroldinga. Spirauca. 



Dulcia. 



Toronto. W. P. 



