192 TRAVELS IN BRAZIL. 



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Besides these staple articles, Rio de Janeiro ex- 

 ports to Europe, tallow, otters' skins, but in very 

 small quantities, horse hair and hides, ox horns, 

 horn tips, and plates, rum, treacle, whale oil, 

 whalebone, ipecacuanha, rice, some cocoa and 

 indigo, the demand for which has continued to de- 

 cline, fustic -wood of a very good quality, and log- 

 wood. Pernambuco wood grows indeed in the 

 forests of the province, but the government to which 

 it belongs, has not had any felled for many years, 

 and there are now no magazines of it in the place. 

 It may be assumed that the total value of these 

 articles amounts yearly to 1,600,000 milrees or 

 2,000,000 piasters, and pays to the treasury 446,400 

 milrees, or 558,000 piasters export duty. The 

 rule according to which the productions of the 

 country generally pay duty, is at the rate of two 

 per cent, on the market price, besides some charges 

 in the same proportion as we mention below on 

 coffee, sugar. &c. To the smaller ports of Brazil, 

 Rio exports all kinds of European goods ; to Per- 

 nambuco and Ceara, sometimes considerable quanti- 

 ties of vegetables, when a drought causes them to 

 fail there. Of late years slaves have been exported 

 from Rio to the northern provinces in great 

 numbers. The west and east coast of Africa re- 

 ceive English and Portuguese goods from this place. 

 Lastly, gold bars and Spanish dollars must also be 

 considered as an export article from Rio de Janeiro. 

 Both Portuguese and North American Indiamen 

 often take from here, instead of goods, large sums 



