30 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA 76 



and B. Huffmon (personal communication) reported nesting birds at 

 Goodnews River. We found flightless birds on the Salmon River (Good- 

 news), the Kinegnak River, Chagvan Bay, and Nanvak Bay, and J. L. Hout 

 (personal communication) found 200-250 flightless birds in Chagvan 

 Bay on 23-28 July 1969. D. R. Herter and D. Lloyd (personal communi- 

 cation) found flocks of 10-30 birds at Nanvak Bay from 17 to 25 June 

 1981, and D. R. Herter et al. (personal communication) found 14-57 

 birds there on 25-29 July 1984. 



Green-winged teal (Anas crecca>Aspm, Csr, Rfm (28 April-8 October). 



Teal migrated along the coast and nested throughout the area. Male 

 green-winged teal of the European type (A. c. crecca) paired to females 

 of unknown subspecies were found during migration at Cape Peirce on 

 29 May 1973, 10, 11, and 17 May 1976 and at the Tuluksak River on 6 

 June 1974. A single male was at Cape Peirce on 10 June 1981 (D. R. Herter 

 and D. Lloyd, personal communication). All other male green-winged teal 

 that were closely inspected were of the American type (A. c. carolinen- 

 sis). Teal were abundant at Cape Peirce during the 1976 spring migration 

 (1-19 May, peak 1 May). Between 5 and 17 May 1973, the sex ratio of 87 

 migrant birds in mixed flocks and pairs at Nanvak Bay was 1.3 male to 

 1.0 female. Between 18 May and 10 June, migrant males (singly or in 

 groups of up to three) were seen almost exclusively. We saw a few birds 

 during late August and early September at Cape Peirce, suggesting that 

 some may migrate through the study area in fall. J. L. Hout (personal 

 communication) saw one bird near Nanvak Bay on 19 September 1971. 

 No teal were seen during aerial surveys of the entire coastal area in late 

 fall (1-10 October) 1979 (R. Gill, Jr., and B. Conant, unpublished), 1980 

 (R. Gill, Jr., andR. King, unpublished), 1982 (R.J. King and K. S. Bollinger, 

 unpublished), and 1985 (R. J. King and W. D. Eldridge, unpublished); 

 however, 1,110 were seen in 1987 (2 October; R. J. King and W. D. 

 Eldridge, unpublished), 257 in 1988 and 284 in 1989 (8 and 7 October, 

 respectively; R. J. King and L. Denlinger, unpublished). 



Teal nested at the Salmon River, the Tuluksak River, near Nyac 

 (Mindell 1983), Togiak Lake, the Togiak River, Kagati Lake (M. J. Fry, 

 unpublished), the Kanektok River Q. L. Hout, personal communication), 

 Goodnews Bay, Chagvan Bay, and Nanvak Bay, and probably nested at 

 the Kisaralik River. At the Tuluksak River, we found 6-20 pairs or broods 

 each year in a 260-km2 area and in 1983 found 3 3 pairs per square 

 kilometer in riparian habitats. Eighteen broods of mostly feathered young 

 averaged 5 .6 young (range 2-8) there, and small downy young were seen 

 beginning on 6 June. At the Salmon River, we found one brood with nine 

 ducklings on 29 July 1986. Green-winged teal were seen at the Kisaralik 

 River on 12-24 August 1985 (from 1 to >15 birds, 5 days; M. Brown et al., 

 unpublished) and 17 June 1987 (B. J. McCaffery, personal communica- 



