46 



NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA 76 



Northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), Rspm, Usr, Ufni (29 April- 

 25 September). 



Northern harriers were seen almost daily at Cape Peirce during 

 spring migration (29 April- 14 May) in 1976, and only once in 1973 

 (6 June), but not at all in 1970. D. F. Parmelee and J. M. Parmelee 

 (unpublished) saw a single male near Chagvan Bay on 25 May 1987. 

 Harriers nested at the Salmon and Tuluksak rivers, and pairs were found 

 at the Kisaralik River, Ilanik Lakes, and the Togiak River during summer 

 and fall. A pair was at Icebox Lake near the Kisaralik River on 1 6- 17 June, 

 and birds were at the Kisaralik River on 17-20 June 1987 (B. J. McCaffery, 

 personal communication) and 12 and 19 August 1985 (M. Brown et al., 

 unpublished). Birds were also seen at the Eek River (R. Baxter, unpub- 

 lished; M. Brown et al., unpublished), the Kwethluk River (M. Brown 

 et al., unpublished), and Kagati Lake (M. J. Fry, unpublished) during 

 summer. 



At the Tuluksak River, one to four pairs (2.3 ± 0.5 pairs per year) 

 were found in each of 10 years along 48 km of major streams. Nesting 

 areas were all in dwarf shrub meadows with low and medium shrub 

 thickets of willow in more or less broad valleys at 90-300 m asl. Fledged 

 young were still near nests on 8 and 18 August, and all harriers were gone 

 from nesting areas by 25 August 1974 and 31 August 1977. Birds migrated 

 past Cape Peirce in fall during some years (12 sightings, 27 August- 

 25 September 1973; 10 sightings, 14 August-6 September 1976). 



Sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus), VRv. 



Weir saw an adult female on the Salmon River on 27 July 1986 in 

 riparian habitat with spruce and cottonwood (Populus spp.). 



Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Csr, Rfm, Uwr. Specimen: 

 RMSI962/36/O5. 



Goshawks wintered at the Tuluksak River (C. Clark, Jr., and J. 

 Bloomquist, personal communication), nested in the northern Kilbuck 

 Mountains at the Salmon, the Tuluksak (DNW photo) and the Kisaralik 

 rivers, and migrated along the coast near Cape Peirce. 



Five nesting territories at the Tuluksak River that we visited annually 

 had 2.8 ± 0.6 pairs per year during 8 years. All territories were in tall 

 riparian spruce-cottonwood woodlands (122-305 m asl), and the cen- 

 ters of the territories were 4.2-4.4 km apart. Nine nests were at the forks 

 of main branches and trunks in balsam poplars 6-20 m tall, generally 

 between half and three-quarters up the tree. One bird was incubating on 

 20 May 1974, one nest h id newly hatched young on 12 June 1974, and 

 seven pairs had young flying between 3-25 July in all years. Young were 

 still present and being fed by adults until 18 September 1977, but some 



