94 



NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA 76 



Hairy woodpecker (JHcoides viUosus). VRpr. 



Hairy woodpeckers used bird feeders near Nyac in winter 

 (H. Svensen, personal communication). We saw a bird at the spruce 

 woodland and dwarf shrub mat habitat edge at the Tuluksak River on 

 27 August 1974 and another on 7 October 1977. 



Three-toed woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus). Upr. Specimen: 

 BMNH/83sk/DNW06. 



This woodpecker was found in the Kilbuck Mountains. B. J. McCaff- 

 ery (personal communication) found a bird on 21 June 1987 at the 

 Kisaralik River. A single bird was seen at the Kwethluk River on 26 July 

 1985 (M. Brown et al., unpublished). This species was a winter visitor to 

 bird feeders near Nyac (H. Svensen, personal communication) and has 

 been seen and heard in the valley floor in spruce forests the remainder 

 of the year. At the Tuluksak River, birds were drumming on 2 June 1974; 

 adults carried food in summer 1974 and on 21 June 1983. We found 

 1.4 pairs per square kilometer in undisturbed riparian census plots in 

 1983. Volant young were seen on 7 July 1981. Birds were seen almost 

 daily in spruce woodland in fall. 



Northern flicker (jColaptes auratus). VRv. 



Flickers occurred only in the Kilbuck Mountains. Residents of the 

 Tuluksak River region reported them as "sometimes present." Weir 

 (DNW) saw a bird that may have been a northern flicker on 15 July 1976 

 during an aerial survey of the riparian woodlands below the foothills of 

 the Tuluksak River. 



Olive-sided flycatcher (Contopus borealis). Usr (2 June- 5 Au- 

 gust). Specimen: RMS 1962/36/26. 



We found this flycatcher only at the Tuluksak River, where one to 

 four males sang each year along 48 km of major streams near the edges 

 of closed spruce forest IIO-I6O m asl. In 1983, we found 1.4 pairs per 

 square kilometer in undisturbed riparian census plots and none in dis- 

 turbed plots. Young fledged on 20 July 1962 from a nest 6 m above the 

 groimd in a low branch of a 15-m-tall spruce tree. Birds were seen as late 

 as 5 August 1981. 



Alder flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum). Rsr? 



We saw this flycatcher at the Tuluksak River in 1962, 1978, 1981, 

 1983, and 1986. Birds there used riparian deciduous woodland in June 

 1962 and tall shrub-secondary deciduous woodlands near the river in 

 other years. An adult pair was seen 6 July 1981. In 1983, we found 1.7 



