1 48 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA 76 



Table 19. Scattered woodland, dwarfforest and artificial habitats used 



by birds in the Kilbuck andAhklun mountain region. B = breeding; 

 b = probably breeding; f= feeding; r = roosting; x = preferred habitats 

 during migration or during the nonbreeding season. 



Scattered woodland and dwarf forest 



Artificial habitats 





Common name 



Status 



Common name 



Status 



Golden eagle 



f 



Rough-legged hawk 



B 



Northern flicker 



X 



Golden eagle 



B 



Bohemian waxwing 



b 



Wandering tattler 



B 



Northern shrike 



B 



Spotted sandpiper 



B 



American tree sparrow 



B 



Parasitic jaeger 



f 



White-crowned sparrow 



B 



Hairy woodpecker 



f 







Three-toed woodpecker 



f 







Say's pheobe 



B 







Tree swallow 



B 







Violet-green swallow 



B 







Cliff swallow 



B 







Gray jay 



f 







American dipper 



B 







American robin 



B 







Snow bunting 



B 







Rusty blackbird 



f 



greatly in number among years. Many of these species extend only 

 sparsely into the taiga-tundra ecotones in western Alaska (Gabrielson 

 and Lincoln 1959; Kessel and Gibson 1978), and some occurred so rarely 

 and intermittently in the Kilbuck Mountains (e.g., peregrine falcon, Say's 

 phoebe, Bohemian waxwing) that they might have been missed in less 

 prolonged surveys. 



The 22 species that used dwarf shrub mats, dwarf shrub meadows, 

 or small lacustrine ponds included some species characteristic of riparian 

 lowland habitats (e.g., savannah sparrow, common redpoll). However, 

 most were waterfowl or shorebirds that were restricted to lowlands or 

 were ecologically widespread. Another six species (e.g., hoary redpoll, 

 red phalarope) were very local or rare in parts of the littoral plain, and 

 two species (emperor goose, brant) nested only on the coast in areas with 

 slight relief. In general, most of those birds that used dwarf shrub habitats 

 and ponds at lower elevations were species typical of the Yukon-Kusk- 

 okwim Delta. 



We found differences in timing between some of the same species 

 nesting at different altitudes and latitudes but not for others. Some species 



