26 



NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA 65 



92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 I 34 MM 



peni nsuloe (14) 



pen/jtsulae (18) 



austral IB (lOI 



montlcola (44) 



polusfris (22) 



insuloris(8) 



col tin 0(52) 



ponomensis (9) 



FEMALES 



as lot ic a (201 



austral is(ll) 



montlcola (22) 



meornsi (27) 



palustris (20I 



ponomensis (2) 



Figure 3.— Statistical comparison of tail measurements of subspecies 



of white-winged doves. 



The various subspecies of white-winged doves do not seem to 

 follow Allen's rules in terms of bill length. All of the races in the 

 hottest year-round habitats, in the tropical lowlands of Central 

 America, and on the Pacific coast of Mexico have short bills. The 

 race with the longest bill is mearnsi, yet its Arizona range is at the 

 greatest latitude of any of the whitewings. Although Arizona desert 

 summers are hot, the more tropical habitats in Latin America are 

 hotter. 



The subspecies of whitewings show more agreement with Bergman's 

 rule, but there are exceptions. The largest birds in body size are 

 those in the highlands of Mexico and Central America. They live at 



