58 IOWA STUDIES IN NATURAL HISTORY 
we particularly wanted and became an excellent collector. lLa- 
ter he would go out himself with a couple of boatmen and bring 
back whatever he was sent after, as well as other specimens 
which he thought we would want. Sometimes these row-boat 
squads would take along a small dredge worked with a sounding 
machine and using piano wire. In this way, depths down to 
about thirty fathoms were explored. At other times the boat 
went to places several miles away along the coast to the north 
or south, and the members of the party would engage in shallow 
water or beach collecting; or deeper work by the diver, some- 
times extending the scope by the use of the boat dredge just 
described. 
3d. Dredging with the launch down to about 150 fathoms. 
Henderson and I usually took charge on alternate days, being 
accompanied by two or three other members of the expedition. 
There were several who were so persistently seasick owing to 
the constant pitching of the boat when dredging, that they were 
finally excused from this duty and assigned to other work. It 
thus came. about that the dredging was done mainly by Green- 
law, who always went out and managed the launch with con- 
summate skill, Henderson, Thomas, Miss Sykes (who developed 
into an excellent hand), Wehman, and myself. Willis Nutting 
persisted in spite of seasickness, which he almost entirely con- 
quered in time. 
These dredging parties frequently got a soaking, either by the 
spray shipped in the choppy sea, or by the daily rain-squalls 
which were often quite violent, although soon over. These 
wettings did us no noticeable harm, however. The work was 
often quite tiresome, particularly the sifting of the sand brought 
up by the dredge, but was always interesting; as novelties were 
disclosed with almost every successful haul. 
Sometimes the work was somewhat dangerous, especially 
when the dredge ‘‘hung up’’ on the bottom when the sea was high 
and currents strong. On one memorable occasion we had an 
anxious half hour. The dredge hung badly, and a sudden heave 
of the boat broke the line attached to the post on the fore deck, 
thus bringing the strain directly on the davit. Several times an 
attempt to lash a rope to the dredging wire resulted in the line 
cutting the rope instantly. The sea was quite high.and choppy, 
