BARBADOS-ANTIGUA EXPEDITION 123 
and about Bridgetown; one on the Pine Estate; the one oper- 
ated by Mr. Charles Knight; one on Ex-Governor Carter’s place, 
and one at which the convict labor is employed may be men- 
tioned. : 
Much of the local limestone is suitable for imeburning and a 
considerable amount of this product is made for home use. A 
small amount is exported; the scarcity of fuel limits the pro- 
duction. A considerable quantity of the stone is used for 
marl upon weak soils; nearly every plantation has its marl pit. 
One of the most fertile parts of the island is St. George’s 
valley which extends west of Bridgetown toward the Crane. It 
lies between the low Christchurch hills and the highlands of 
the parish of St. John. The Barbados National Railway follows 
this valley and some idea of its fertility and rolling topography 
may be obtained as one rides along from Bridgetown to Car- 
rington and beyond. 
The southwestern part of the island is the driest. Rainfall 
is much less here than on other parts of the island. The great- 
est rainfall is on the higher lands; every terrace differs from 
every other and one estate has a different record from another. 
In many cases these records have been assiduously kept for 50 
to 75 years. It is surprising that there should be so much dif- 
ference in so small an area as 166 square miles; but it goes to 
show how slight topographic differences such as change in eleva- 
tion, ete. modify the elements of climate. 
Additional notes on the Scotland District: 
Chalky Mountain is a mountain in miniature; the color effects 
of various strata of sands are pretty and the rough appearance 
and actual conditions of the surface due to differential weath- 
ering are very interesting. 
The soil of this district is dark and sandy due, of course, 
to the fact that the underlying rock is not coral limestone but 
sandy shale and harder insoluble rock. Here the rainfall does 
not penetrate the ground, and water stands in small pools and 
depressions until it evaporates or is used by man or beast for 
drink. A few small streams occur, the largest is José’s River, a 
turbulent stream which has cut a sharp valley filled in the 
Stream bed with large boulders. It has a fresh-water fauna, 
small fishes, crustaceans, ete. In times of heavy rain great 
