INDEX. 



263 



PAGE 



Motion, of tiniform, ....... 17 



Motion uniformly varied, ....... 17 



Muscles, their properties, mode of action, etc., . . . .24 



Muscles arranged in longitudinal, transverse, and oblique spiral lines, . 28 

 Muscles, oblique spiral, necessary for spiral bones and joints, . . 31 



Muscles take precedence of bones in animal movements, . . 29 



Muscular cycles, ........ 26 



Muscular waves, ........ 26 



Pendulums, the extremities of animals act as, in walking, . 9, 18, 56, 57 

 Plane, inclined, as applied to the air, ..... 211 



Pettigrew's method of constructing and applying artificial wings as 

 contradistinguished from that of Borelli, Chabrier, Durckheim, 

 Marey, etc., ........ 235 



Pettigrew's wave wing, . . . . . , . 236 



Pettigrew's compound wave wing, ..... 242 



Progression on the land, . . , , . . .37 



Do. on or in the water, ...... 64 



Do. in or through the air, ..... 103 



Quadrupeds walk, fishes swim, and insects, bats, and birds fly, by 



figure-of-8 movements, . . . . . . 15, 16 



Screws — the wing of the bird and the extremity of the biped and 



quadruped screws, structurally and functionally, . . .12 



Screws — difference between those formed by the wings and those em- 

 ployed in navigation, . . . . . . 151 



Sculling action of the wing, ...... 231 



Speed attained by insects, ...... 188 



Speed of wing movements partly accounted for, . , .120 



Spine, spiral movements of, transferred to the extremities, , . 33 



Straus -Durckheim' s artificial wings, ..... 233 



Swimming of the fish, whale, porpoise, etc., . . . . 66 



Swimming of the seal, sea-bear, and walrus, . . . .74 



Swimming of man, . . . . . , .78 



Swimming of the turtle, triton, crocodile, etc., . . . .89 



Terrestrial animals have smaller travelling surfaces than amphibia, 



amphibia than fishes, and fishes than insects, bats, and birds, . 8 



The travelling surfaces of animals increase as the density of the media 



traversed decreases, . . . . . . . 7, 8 



The travelling surfaces of animals variously modified and adapted to 



the media on or in which they move, . . . .34 



Walking, swimming, and flying correlated, .... 5 



Walking of the quadruped, biped, etc., . , . . 9, 10, 11 



Wave wing of Pettigrew, ...... 236 



Do. how to construct on -insect type, .... 240 



Do. how to construct to evade the superimposed air during the 



up stroke, ....... 241 



Do. can be driven at any speed, . . . . 251, 255 



Do. can create currents and rise upon them, . . . 253 



Do. can make new currents and utilize existing ones, . 251, 255 

 Do. as a propeller, ...... 256 



Do. as an aerial screw, ...... 256 



Do. forces required to apply to the air, . . . 245, 246 



Do. necessity for supplying root of, with elastic structures, . 247 



