Mance: Quarry Industry of Southern Indiana 99 



This table was taken from a catalog of producer-gas equip- 

 ment, but it is corroborated by numerous tests. 



The amount of gas produced from a pound of coal differs 

 according to the kind of coal, the type of producer, the number of 

 pounds of fuel gasified per square foot of fuel bed, and the regula- 

 tion of the draft. The quantity of gas obtained per pound of 

 bituminous coal under average conditions is given in Bulletin 

 13 (U.S. Bureau of Mines, 1913), as 60.5 per pound of coal as 

 fired. The heat value of producer gas as compared to natural 

 gas is on the average about one-fourth to one-fifth, or about 

 125 B.T.U. per cubic foot under standard conditions. The 

 following is an average analysis of producer gas made in a down- 

 draft producer: 



Volume 

 Per Cent 



Carbon dioxide (CO2) 9 . 23 



Oxygen (O2) 16 



Ethylene (C2H4) 04 



Carbon monoxide (CO) 17.53 



Hydrogen (H^) 11.85 



Methane (CH4) 1.08 



Nitrogen (N2) 60.11 



Total . 100 . 00 



Producer gas, in addition to being of value as a means of 

 power production, is useful in the manufacture of iron and steel, 

 annealing, enameling, brazing, soldering, drying, japanning, gal- 

 vanizing, evaporating, tempering, and case hardening. In 

 addition to its numerous other uses, it is of value in lime, cement, 

 and brick kilns. In the burning of lime the application of pro- 

 ducer gas enables the operator of the kiln to secure the long, 

 soft flame characteristic of wood firing, and at the same time 

 escape the localization and intensity of oil or natural gas. Trouble- 

 some overburning and underburning is eliminated and the quality 

 of the lime produced is constant. It eliminates the difficulty 

 of having ash in the product, which results from coal firing. It 

 allows the use of larger kilns than could be used with short- 

 flame coals. With no ash the clinkering and irregularities of 

 operation arising from its fusion with the lime are absent, while 

 the cost of attendance is reduced to a small fraction of that of 

 coal firing. Producer-gas firing is readily controlled and gives 

 a long, slow flame with medium heat, which is ideal for lime 

 burning. The fact that producer gas can be obtained from any 



